Natriumnitrat Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
FARBLOSE HYGROSKOPISCHE KRISTALLE.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Zersetzung beim Erhitzen unter Bildung von Stickstoffoxiden und Sauerstoff. Erh?hte Feuergefahr. Starkes Oxidationsmittel. Reagiert mit brennbaren und reduzierenden Stoffen unter Feuer- und Explosionsgefahr.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV nicht festgelegt (ACGIH 2005).
MAK nicht festgelegt (DFG 2005).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den K?rper durch Inhalation des Aerosols und durch Verschlucken.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Verdampfung bei 20°C vernachl?ssigbar; eine gesundheitssch?dliche Partikelkonzentration in der Luft kann jedoch beim Dispergieren schnell erreicht werden.
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION: Die Substanz reizt die Augen, die Haut und die Atemwege. M?glich sind Auswirkungen auf das Blut mit nachfolgender Meth?moglobinbildung. Die Auswirkungen treten u.U. verz?gert ein. ?rztliche Beobachtung notwendig.
LECKAGE
Verschüttetes Material in Kunststoff- oder Glasbeh?ltern sammeln. Reste mit viel Wasser wegspülen.
R-S?tze Betriebsanweisung:
R8:Feuergefahr bei Berührung mit brennbaren Stoffen.
R22:Gesundheitssch?dlich beim Verschlucken.
R36/37/38:Reizt die Augen, die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.
R36/38:Reizt die Augen und die Haut.
R34:Verursacht Ver?tzungen.
S-S?tze Betriebsanweisung:
S17:Von brennbaren Stoffen fernhalten.
S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
S27:Beschmutzte, getr?nkte Kleidung sofort ausziehen.
S36/37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung,Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
S37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
S36:DE: Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung tragen.
S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn m?glich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
Beschreibung
Sodium nitrate, also known as Chile saltpeter and soda niter, has a molecular formula of NaNO3. Sodium nitrate is a colorless, odorless, transparent crystal. It oxidizes when exposed to air and is soluble in water. This material explodes at 1000°F (537°C), much lower than temperatures encountered in many fires. Sodium nitrate is toxic by ingestion and has caused cancer in test animals. When used in the curing of fish and meat products, it is restricted to 100 ppm. Sodium nitrate is incompatible with ammonium nitrate and other ammonium salts. The four-digit UN identification number is 1498. Sodium nitrate is used as an antidote for cyanide poisoning and in the curing of fish and meat.
Chemische Eigenschaften
Sodium nitrate, NaNO3, also known as soda niter and Chile saltpeter, is a fire-hazardous, transparent, colorless and odorless crystalline solid. It is soluble in glycerol and water,decomposes when heated,and melts at 308°C (585 °F). Sodium nitrate is used in making nitric and sulfuric acids, in the manufacture of glass and pottery enamel, as a fertilizer, as a food preservative, in explosives, and as a welding flux.
Physikalische Eigenschaften
Colorless crystalline solid; saline taste; trigonal, and rhombohedrals structure; density 2.257g/cm
3; refractive index 1.587 (trigonal) and 1.336 (rhombohedral); melts at 308°C; decomposes at 380°C; specific conductance 95 μmhos/cm at 300°C; viscosity 2.85 centipoise at 317°C; very soluble in water 92.1 g/100 mL at 25°C and 180 g/100 mL at 100°C; very soluble in liquid ammonia; soluble in alcohol.
Occurrence
There are several natural deposits of sodium nitrate in various parts of the world, including Chile, Mexico, Egypt, and the United States. The most important application of sodium nitrate is its use as a fertilizer in agriculture. It is an effective fertilizer for cotton, tobacco, and vegetable crops. Its agricultural applications, however, have dwindled considerably in recent years because of the growth of ammonium nitrate and other fertilizers.
Another major use of sodium nitrate is in manufacturing explosives. It is a component of many types of dynamites and water-based slurry type blasting explosives. Sodium nitrate also is used in making charcoal briquettes. Sodium nitrate is used as an oxidizing and fluxing agent in manufacturing vitreous glass, fiberglass, porcelain, and enamels. Other uses are in the heat-treatment baths for alloys and metals, as a food preservative, in curing meats, and in preparing various salts.
Verwenden
Sodium Nitrate is the salt of nitric acid that functions as an antimi-
crobial agent and preservative. it is a naturally occurring substance
in spinach, beets, broccoli, and other vegetables. it consists of color-
less, odorless crystals or crystalline granules. it is moderately deli-
quescent in moist air and is readily soluble in water. it is used in
meat curing to develop and stabilize the pink color. see nitrate.
Vorbereitung Methode
Sodium nitrate is recovered from natural deposits. One such process, known as the Guggenheim nitrate process, is briefly outlined below: The ore is crushed. Sodium nitrate is leached from the ore by extraction with a brine solution at 40°C. The brine for leaching is made up of an aqueous solution of magnesium sulfate, MgSO
3, and calcium sulfate, CaSO
3. The caliche variety of Chilean ore contains mostly sodium nitrate and sodium chloride as the main saline components, along with limestone, clays, sand, lime, and inert volcanic rocks. Sodium nitrate usually occurs in this ore as a double salt with sodium sulfate NaNO
3?Na
2SO
3?H
3O. This double salt, which is sparingly soluble in water, is broken down by magnesium in leaching brine solution, thus releasing more sodium nitrate into the extract. Sodium nitrate finally is recovered from the leachate brine by fractional crystallization.
Brines of other compositions have been used to extract sodium nitrate from its ores. Many such processes, including the Shanks process practiced in the past to produce sodium nitrate, are now obsolete.
Definition
ChEBI: The inorganic nitrate salt of sodium.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
A white crystalline solid. Noncombustible but accelerates the burning of combustible materials. If large quantities are involved in fire or the combustible material is finely divided an explosion may result. May explode under prolonged exposure to heat or fire. Toxic oxides of nitrogen are produced in fires. Used in solid propellants, explosives, fertilizers, and for many other uses.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Soluble in water.
Reaktivit?t anzeigen
A mixture of Sodium nitrate and sodium hypophosphite constitute a powerful explosive [Mellor 8, Supp. 1:154 1964]. Sodium nitrate and aluminum powder mixtures have been reported to be explosive,[Fire, 1935, 28, 30]. The nitrate appears to be incompatible with barium thiocyanate, antimony, arsenic trioxide/iron(II) sulfate, boron phosphide, calcium-sodium alloy, magnesium, metal amidosulfates, metal cyanides, powdered charcoal, peroxyformic acid, phenol/trifluoroacetic acid, sodium, sodium nitrite/sodium sulfide, sodium phosphinate, sodium thiosulfate, tris( cyclopentadienyl)cerium, and even wood [Bretherick 5th ed., 1995].
Hazard
Fire risk near organic materials, ignites on
friction and explodes when shocked or heated to
1000F (537C). Toxic by ingestion; content in cured
meats, fish, and other food products restricted.
Health Hazard
INGESTION: Dizziness, abdominal cramps, vomiting, bloody diarrhea, weakness, convulsions, and collapse. Small repeated doses may cause headache and mental impairment.
Sicherheitsprofil
Human poison by ingestion. Poison by intravenous route.Questionable carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic data. Human mutation data reported. A powerful oxidizer. It will iqte with heat or friction. Explodes when heated to over 1000°F, or when mixed with cyanides, sodium hypophosphte, boron phosphide. Forms explosive mixtures with aluminum powder, antimony powder, barium thiocyanate, metal amidosulfates, sodium, sodium phosphinate, sodium thiosulfate, sulfur + charcoal (gunpowder). Potentially violent reaction or ignition when mixed with bitumen, organic matter, calcium-shcon alloy, jute + magnesium chloride, magnesium, metal cyanides, nonmetals, peroxyformic acid, phenol + trifluoroacetic acid. Incompatible with acetic anhydride, barium thocyanate, wood. A dangerous disaster hazard. Experimental reproductive effects. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx and Na2O. See also NITRATES.
l?uterung methode
Crystallise NaNO3 from hot water (0.6mL/g) by cooling to 0o, or from a concentrated aqueous solution by adding MeOH. Dry it under a vacuum at 140o. After two recrystallisations, technical grade sodium nitrate had K, Mg, B, Fe Al, and Li at 100, 29, 0.6, 0.4, 0.2 and 0.2 ppm respectively. (See KNO3.)
Natriumnitrat Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
2-[3-(2H-Benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]ethyl methacrylate
Cupric nitrate trihydrate
Natriumantimonat
BASIC RED 46
4-Chloro-3-nitrocinnamic acid
Dinatriumzinntrioxid
2-Methylhexansure
O-(2-MethoxyEthoxy)BenzeneSulfonamide
Kanamycinsulfat
Gentamicin, Sulfat (Salz)
Natrium-8-phenylamino-5-(4-(3-sulfonatophenylazo)-1-naphthylazo)naphthalinsulfonat
Trinatrium-1-(1-naphthylazo)-2-hydroxynaphthalin-4',6,8-trisulfonat
Gestoden
2-[4-(TERT-BUTYL)PHENOXY]-5-NITROBENZALDEHYDE
6,15-Dihydroanthrazin-5,9,14,18-tetron
Fenitrothion (ISO)
4-Chloro-3-nitrobenzaldehyde
Natriumnitrit
NICKEL(II) CARBONATE BASIC TETRAHYDRATE
2-Chlorbenzoes?ure
2-[(2-Cyanethyl)[4-[(6-nitrobenzothiazol-2-yl)azo]phenyl]amino]ethylacetat
2-Chlor-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]carbonyl]benzolsulfonamid
Salpetersure
SODIUM STANNATE TRIHYDRATE
4-Vinylpyridin
2,5-Dichlorphenol
3,3'-[[4-[(2,6-Dichlor-4-nitrophenyl)azo]phenyl]imino]bispropiononitrile
Tri(dimethylamino)benzotriazol-1-yloxyphosphoniumhexafluorphosphat
Kaliumnitrat
