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Journal of Chromatography A

Journal of Chromatography A

IF: 3.79
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Determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in water by CO2-responsive switchable deep eutectic solvent based homogeneous liquid-liquid microextraction

Published:4 December 2024 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465583 PMID: 39657428
Jiaqin Jiang,?Lipeng Liu,?Lingqi Shen,?Jian Li,?Qiao Xu,?Zuguang Li,?Hongdeng Qiu

Abstract

A homogeneous liquid-liquid microextraction technique based on switchable deep eutectic solvent (SDES-HLLME), combined with gas chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS), was developed for the extraction and analysis of 16 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in water samples. CO2-responsive switchable deep eutectic solvent (SDES), which consists of monoethanolamine (MEA) being used as a hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) and 3-methoxyphenol (3-MP) being used as a hydrogen bond donor (HBD), was used as the extractant, thus providing an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional toxic organic solvents. The study systematically investigated the effects of various parameters on extraction efficiency, including the type and volume of SDES, vortexing duration, CO2 bubbling time, centrifugation rate and time, ionic strength. Optimal extraction conditions were identified as follows: 40.0 μL of SDES, vortexing for 40.0 s, CO2 bubbling for 2.0 min, 5.0 % (w/v) salt concentration, a centrifugation rate of 5000 rpm, and a centrifugation duration of 3.0 min. Under these optimal conditions, the method exhibited a linear range of 0.1-300 ng·mL-1, with limits of detection (LODs) and quantification (LOQs) ranging from 0.003 to 0.096 ng·mL-1 and 0.009 to 0.321 ng·mL-1, while the relative standard deviation (RSD) <7.98 %. Finally, this method was successfully applied to determine the concentrations of 16 PCBs in various environmental water samples, yielding satisfactory recovery rates. This method provides a green, convenient and accurate new idea in the field of HLLME research.

Substances (6)

Materials
Procduct Name CAS Molecular Formula Supplier Price
Monoethanolamine 141-43-5 C2H7NO 941 suppliers $9.00-$4290.00
4-Methoxyphenol 150-76-5 C7H8O2 925 suppliers $5.00-$2349.27
Diethanolamine 111-42-2 C4H11NO2 894 suppliers $10.00-$580.00
Triethanolamine 102-71-6 C6H15NO3 857 suppliers $18.00-$4666.00
Ethyl acetate 141-78-6 C4H8O2 520 suppliers $25.90-$8640.00
3-Methoxyphenol 150-19-6 C7H8O2 408 suppliers $6.00-$500.00

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