Dinatriumdisulfit Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
WEISSES PULVER
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Zersetzung beim Erhitzen unter Bildung von Schwefeloxiden. Starkes Reduktionsmittel. Reagiert mit Oxidationsmitteln. Reagiert sehr heftig mitkonzentrierter Natriumnitritl?sung. Zersetzung bei Kontakt mit S?uren unter Bildung von Schwefeloxiden.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV: 5 mg/m?(als TWA); Krebskategorie A4 (nicht klassifizierbar als krebserzeugend für den Menschen); (ACGIH 2005).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den K?rper durch Inhalation und durch Verschlucken.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Verdampfung bei 20°C vernachl?ssigbar; eine gesundheitssch?dliche Partikelkonzentration in der Luft kann jedoch beim Dispergieren schnell erreicht werden.
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION: Die Substanz reizt die Augen, die Atemwege und reizt stark den Magen-Darm-Trakt. Inhalation kann zu Asthma führen.
LECKAGE
NICHT mit S?gemehl oder anderen brennbaren Absorptionsmitteln binden. Verschüttetes Material in Beh?ltern sammeln; falls erforderlich durch Anfeuchten Staubentwicklung verhindern. Pers?nliche Schutzausrüstung: Atemschutzger?t, P2-Filter für sch?dliche Partikel. NICHT in die Umwelt gelangen lassen.
R-S?tze Betriebsanweisung:
R22:Gesundheitssch?dlich beim Verschlucken.
R31:Entwickelt bei Berührung mit S?ure giftige Gase.
R41:Gefahr ernster Augensch?den.
R36/37/38:Reizt die Augen, die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.
S-S?tze Betriebsanweisung:
S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
S39:Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
S46:Bei Verschlucken sofort ?rztlichen Rat einholen und Verpackung oder Etikett vorzeigen.
S36:DE: Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung tragen.
Aussehen Eigenschaften
Na2O5S2; Natriummetabisulfit, Natriumpyrosulfit, Pyrosulfit, Disulfit. Farbloser Feststoff mit charakteristischem Geruch.
Gefahren für Mensch und Umwelt
Gesundheitsschädlich beim Verschlucken. Gefahr ernster Augenschäden. Reizt die Atmungsorgane.
Nicht mit Säuren oder Oxidationsmitteln in Berührung bringen.
Setzt bei der Zersetzung Schwefeldioxid frei.
Entwickelt bei Berührung mit Säure giftige Gase.
LD
50 (i.v., Ratte) 115 mg/kg.
Schutzma?nahmen und Verhaltensregeln
Schutzhandschuhe als kurzzeitiger Staubschutz.
Verhalten im Gefahrfall
Persönliche Maßnahmen: Substanzkontakt vermeiden.
Vorsichtig trocken aufnehmen. Der Entsorgung zuführen. Nachreinigen.
Auf Umgebung abstimmen.
Im Brandfall können Schwefeloxide freigesetzt werden.
Erste Hilfe
Nach Hautkontakt: Mit reichlich Wasser abwaschen.
Nach Augenkontakt: Mit reichlich Wasser bei geöffnetem Lidspalt mindestens 15 Minuten ausspülen. Sofort Augenarzt hinzuziehen.
Nach Einatmen: Frischluft. Arzt hinzuziehen.
Nach Verschlucken: Reichlich Wasser trinken. Erbrechen auslösen. Arzt hinzuziehen.
Nach Kleidungskontakt: Kontaminierte Kleidung entfernen.
Ersthelfer: siehe gesonderten Anschlag
Sachgerechte Entsorgung
Gelöst in Wasser zu den neutralen, wässrigen Lösemittelabfällen geben.
Chemische Eigenschaften
Sodium metabisulfite is a white crystalline powder. Sulfur dioxide odor. It may be considered the anhydride of 2 molecules of sodium disulfite.
Verwenden
sodium metabisulfite is an anti-oxidant and reducing agent.
Definition
ChEBI: An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and disulfite ions in a 2:1 ratio.
Vorbereitung Methode
Sodium metabisulfite is prepared by saturating a solution of sodium
hydroxide with sulfur dioxide and allowing crystallization to occur;
hydrogen is passed through the solution to exclude air. Sodium
metabisulfite may also be prepared by saturating a solution of
sodium carbonate with sulfur dioxide and allowing crystallization
to occur, or by thermally dehydrating sodium bisulfite.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
Sodium metabisulfite (MBS, Sodium disulfite) is an inorganic salt. It is the sodium salt of disulphurous (pyrosulfurous) acid. It is widely used in textile dyeing, photography and paper industry. It is also commonly added to various food products and wines as a preservative.
Hazard
Toxic by inhalation. Upper respiratory tract
irritant. Questionable carcinogen.
Health Hazard
Sodium metabisulfite may cause
bronchospasm, oculonasal symptoms, and
urticaria in sulfite-sensitive individuals; irritation
of mucous membranes may occur from
inhalation of the dust.
Pharmazeutische Anwendungen
Sodium metabisulfite is used as an antioxidant in oral, parenteral,
and topical pharmaceutical formulations, at concentrations of
0.01–1.0% w/v, and at a concentration of approximately 27% w/v
in intramuscular injection preparations. Primarily, sodium metabisulfite
is used in acidic preparations; for alkaline preparations,
sodium sulfite is usually preferred. Sodium
metabisulfite also has some antimicrobial activity, which is greatest
at acid pH, and may be used as a preservative in oral preparations
such as syrups.
In the food industry and in wine production, sodium metabisulfite
is similarly used as an antioxidant, antimicrobial preservative,
and antibrowning agent. However, at concentrations above
about 550 ppm it imparts a noticeable flavor to preparations.
Sodium metabisulfite usually contains small amounts of sodium
sulfite and sodium sulfate.
Kontakt-Allergie
This agent is frequently used as a preservative in pharmaceutical products, in the bread-making industry as an antioxidant, and it can induce contact dermatitis. It can be used as a reducing agent in photography and caused dermatitis in a photographic technician, probably acting as an aggravating irritative factor. Sodium metabisulfite contains a certain amount of sodium sulfite and sodium sulfate.
Sicherheitsprofil
An inhalation hazard. Poison by intravenous route. Moderately toxic by parenteral route. Experimental reproductive effects. Mutation data reported. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of SOx and Na2O.
Sicherheit(Safety)
Sodium metabisulfite is widely used as an antioxidant in oral,
topical, and parenteral pharmaceutical formulations; it is also
widely used in food products.
Although it is extensively used in a variety of preparations,
sodium metabisulfite and other sulfites have been associated with a
number of severe to fatal adverse reactions. These are usually
hypersensitivity-type reactions and include bronchospasm and
anaphylaxis. Allergy to sulfite antioxidants is estimated to occur
in 5–10% of asthmatics, although adverse reactions may also occur
in nonasthmatics with no history of allergy.
Following oral ingestion, sodium metabisulfite is oxidized to
sulfate and is excreted in urine. Ingestion may result in gastric
irritation, owing to the liberation of sulfurous acid, while ingestion
of large amounts of sodium metabisulfite can cause colic, diarrhea,
circulatory disturbances, CNS depression, and death.
In Europe, the acceptable daily intake of sodium metabisulfite
and other sulfites used in foodstuffs has been set at up to 3.5 mg/kg
body-weight, calculated as sulfur dioxide (SO2). The WHO has
similarly also set an acceptable daily intake of sodium metabisulfite,
and other sulfites, at up to 7.0 mg/kg body-weight, calculated as
sulfur dioxide (SO2).
LD50 (rat, IV): 0.12 g/kg
m?gliche Exposition
Sodium metabisulfite is used as an antioxidant in pharmaceutical preparations and as a preservative in foods. People with asthma have a greater chance of having an allergic reaction with this chemical. Individuals allergic to sodium bisulfite (a food preservative found in some wine, fresh shrimp; packaged foods; and restaurant salads and potatoes) may have a severe reaction when exposed to sodium metabisulfite.
Carcinogenicity
Sodium metabisulfite was genotoxic in
mice in vivo as determined by chromosomal
aberration, micronucleus, and sperm shape
assays. It was not mutagenic in bacterial
assays.
Lager
On exposure to air and moisture, sodium metabisulfite is slowly
oxidized to sodium sulfate with disintegration of the crystals.
Addition of strong acids to the solid liberates sulfur dioxide.
In water, sodium metabisulfite is immediately converted to
sodium (Na+) and bisulfite (HSO3-) ions. Aqueous sodium
metabisulfite solutions also decompose in air, especially on heating.
Solutions that are to be sterilized by autoclaving should be filled into
containers in which the air has been replaced with an inert gas, such
as nitrogen. The addition of dextrose to aqueous sodium
metabisulfite solutions results in a decrease in the stability of the
metabisulfite.
The bulk material should be stored in a well-closed container,
protected from light, in a cool, dry place.
Versand/Shipping
UN1759 Corrosive solids, n.o.s., Hazard class: 8; Labels: 8-Corrosive material, Technical Name required. UN2693 Bisulfites, inorganic, aqueous solutions, n.o.s., Hazard class: 8; Labels: 8-Corrosive material.
Inkompatibilit?ten
Sodium metabisulfite reacts with sympathomimetics and other
drugs that are ortho- or para-hydroxybenzyl alcohol derivatives to
form sulfonic acid derivatives possessing little or no pharmacological
activity. The most important drugs subject to this inactivation
are epinephrine (adrenaline) and its derivatives. In addition,
sodium metabisulfite is incompatible with chloramphenicol owing
to a more complex reaction; it also inactivates cisplatin in
solution.
It is incompatible with phenylmercuric acetate when autoclaved
in eye drop preparations.
Sodium metabisulfite may react with the rubber caps of
multidose vials, which should therefore be pretreated with sodium
metabisulfite solution.
Regulatory Status
GRAS listed. Accepted for use as a food additive in Europe.
Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (epidural;inhalation; IM and IV injections; ophthalmic solutions; oral
preparations; rectal, topical, and vaginal preparations). Included
in nonparenteral and parenteral medicines licensed in the UK.
Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal
Ingredients.
Dinatriumdisulfit Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
6-HYDROXY-7-METHOXY-4-PHENYLCOUMARIN
4-bromo-1-(bromomethyl)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile
2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile
(1S,2S,3R,5S)-(+)-2,3-Pinanediol
Acetazolamid
5-Bromo-6-chloronicotinic acid
4-(Dimethylamino)-1,2-dihydro-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-3H-pyrazol-3-on
2,4-DICHLORO-3-METHYLBENZOIC ACID
valanea tanning extract
friction reducer SAF
oil-proof, water-proof finishing agent
4,4'-Dihydroxy-7,7'-ureylendi(naphthalin-2-sulfonsure)
Hydroxocobalamin Hydrochloride
5-CHLORO-3-PYRIDINAMINE
1-(3-AMINO-2-CHLORO-PYRIDIN-4-YL)-ETHANONE
4-Chlor-3-(trifluormethyl)benzaldehyd
1,3,3-Trimethyl-2-methyleneindoline
2-Propylisonicotinonitril
o-Chlorbenzolsulfonamid
2-Hydroxybenzamid
Folsure
3-Amino-2,4,6-triiodbenzoesure
3-Nitroisonicotinic acid
Natriumdioctylsulfosuccinat
4,4'-azo-3-hydroxynaphthalin-1-sulfonat
4-Methoxy-2-nitro-anilin
2-(4-CHLOROPHENYL)-4-BROMO-1-METHYL-5-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)-1H-PYRROLE-3-CARBONITRILE
Tannin resin glue
Penetrating agent
Carbocistein
Sulfobernsteins?ure-bis-2-ethylhexylester, Natrium-Salz
5-BROMO-6-HYDROXYNICOTINIC ACID
Natrium-2-hydroxyethansulfonat
Bilirubin
4-Methyl-3-nitropyridine
3-CHLORO-5-NITROPYRIDINE
1-(3-AMINO-PYRIDIN-4-YL)-ETHANONE
5-HYDROXYPYRIDINE-2-CARBOXYLIC ACID
Natriumbenzolsulfinat
2,4-DICHLORO-3-METHYL-5-NITROBENZOIC ACID
