Diethylether Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
LEICHT FLüCHTIGE, FARBLOSE FLüSSIGKEIT MIT CHARAKTERISTISCHEM GERUCH.
PHYSIKALISCHE GEFAHREN
Die D?mpfe sind schwerer als Luft und k?nnen sich am Boden ausbreiten. Fernzündung m?glich. Flie?en, Schütten o.?. kann zu elektrostatischer Aufladung führen.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Bildung explosionsf?higer Peroxide unter Einfluss von Licht und Luft. Reagiert sehr heftig mit Halogenen, Interhalogenen, Schwefelverbindungen und Oxidationsmitteln unter Feuer- und Explosionsgefahr. Greift Kunststoff und Gummi an.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV: 400 ppm (als TWA); 500 ppm (als STEL); (ACGIH 2005).
MAK: 400 ppm, 1200 mg/m?Spitzenbegrenzung: überschreitungsfaktor I(1); Schwangerschaft: Gruppe D; (DFG 2008).
EG Arbeitsplatz-Richtgrenzwerte: 100 ppm (TWA); 200 ppm (STEL). 100 ppm (als TWA); 200 ppm (als STEL); (EG 2004).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den K?rper durch Inhalation der D?mpfe und durch Verschlucken.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Beim Verdampfen bei 20°C kann schnell eine gesundheitssch?dliche Kontamination der Luft eintreten.
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION: Die Substanz reizt die Augen und die Atemwege. Verschlucken kann zur Aufnahme in der Lunge führen; Gefahr der Aspirationspneumonie. M?glich sind Auswirkungen auf das Zentralnervensystem mit nachfolgender Narkose.
WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION
Die Flüssigkeit entfettet die Haut. M?glich sind Auswirkungen auf das Zentralnervensystem. Vorsicht, kann zu Abh?ngigkeit führen.
LECKAGE
Gefahrenbereich verlassen! Fachmann zu Rate ziehen! Zündquellen entfernen. Ausgelaufene Flüssigkeit in abdichtbaren Beh?ltern sammeln. Reste mit Sand oder inertem Absorptionsmittel aufnehmen und an einen sicheren Ort bringen. Pers?nliche Schutzausrüstung: Atemschutzfilter für organische Gase und D?mpfe.
R-S?tze Betriebsanweisung:
R12:Hochentzündlich.
R19:Kann explosionsf?hige Peroxide bilden.
R22:Gesundheitssch?dlich beim Verschlucken.
R66:Wiederholter Kontakt kann zu spr?der oder rissiger Haut führen.
R67:D?mpfe k?nnen Schl?frigkeit und Benommenheit verursachen.
R39/23/24/25:Giftig: ernste Gefahr irreversiblen Schadens durch Einatmen, Berührung mit der Haut und durch Verschlucken.
R23/24/25:Giftig beim Einatmen, Verschlucken und Berührung mit der Haut.
S-S?tze Betriebsanweisung:
S9:Beh?lter an einem gut gelüfteten Ort aufbewahren.
S16:Von Zündquellen fernhalten - Nicht rauchen.
S29:Nicht in die Kanalisation gelangen lassen.
S33:Ma?nahmen gegen elektrostatische Aufladungen treffen.
S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn m?glich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
S36/37:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzkleidung tragen.
Beschreibung
Diethyl ether is a component of starting fluids and is used as
a solvent in the manufacture of synthetic dyes and plastics.
Because of its characteristics, diethyl ether was widely used in
many countries as an anesthetic agent, but was then replaced by
other substances in the 1960s.
Chemische Eigenschaften
Ether, (C2H5)2,also known as ethyl ether, is a colorless liquid. It is used as a solvent,a denaturant, and as an anesthetic in medicine. lt is an organic compound in which two hydrocarbon radicals are joined by an atom of oxygen.
Physikalische Eigenschaften
Colorless, hygroscopic, volatile liquid with a sweet, pungent odor. Odor threshold concentration is
330 ppb (quoted, Keith and Walters, 1992).
History
Ether was supposedly discovered by Raymundus Lullus (1232–1315) around 1275,
although there is no extant evidence of this in his writings. The discoverer of ether is often
credited to the German physician and botanist Valerius Cordus (1515–1554), who gave the
first description of the preparation of ether in the mid-16th century. Cordus called the substance
oleum vitrioli dulce, which is translated as sweet oil of vitriol. Cordus used sulfuric acid
(oil of vitriol) to catalyze the conversion of alcohol to ether. At approximately the same time
Paracelsus (1493–1541), a Swiss physician who is also cited as a discoverer of ether, observed
that chickens were safely put to sleep by breathing vapors from sweet oil of vitriol. In 1730,
August Siegmund Frobenius changed the name of sweet vitriol to ether.
Verwenden
Diethyl ether has been used extensively as a general
anesthetic.
Vorbereitung Methode
Ether is produced by the dehydration of ethanol using sulfuric acid: 2CH
3CH
2OH +2H
2SO
4 → (CH
3CH
2)
2O + H
2SO
4 + H
2O.the temperature of the reaction is carriedout at about 140°C to control for unwanted products.the volatile ether is distilled from themixture. Ether can also be prepared by Williamson synthesis. In this reaction, ethanol reactswith sodium to form sodium ethanolate (Na+C
2H
5O?). Sodium ethanolate then reacts withchloroethane to form ether and sodium chloride: Na+C
2H
5O? +C
2H
5Cl → C
2H
5OC
2H
5 +NaCl. Ether is also produced as a by-product in the production of ethanol.
Definition
diethyl ether: A colourless flammablevolatile ether, C2H5OC2H5; r.d. 0.71;m.p. –116°C; b.p. 34.5°C. It can bemade by Williamson’s synthesis. Itis an anaesthetic and useful organicsolvent.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
A clear colorless liquid with an anesthetic odor. Flash point -49°F. Less dense than water and slightly soluble in water. Hence floats on water. Vapors are heavier than air. Used as a solvent and to make other chemicals.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Highly flammable. Oxidizes readily in air to form unstable peroxides that may explode spontaneously [Bretherick, 1979 p.151-154, 164]. A mixture of liquid air and Diethyl ether exploded spontaneously, [MCA Case History 616(1960)].
Reaktivit?t anzeigen
Occasional explosions have occurred when aluminum hydride was stored in ether. The explosions have been blamed on the presence of carbon dioxide impurity in the ether, [J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 70:877(1948)]. Diethyl ether and chromium trioxide react violently at room temperature. Solid acetyl peroxide in contact with ether or any volatile solvent may explode violently. A 5-gram portion in ether detonated while being carried, [Chem. Eng. News 27:175(1949)]. Nitrosyl perchlorate ignites and explodes with Diethyl ether. A mixture of ether and ozone forms aldehyde and acetic acid and a heavy liquid, ethyl peroxide, an explosive, [Mellor 1:911(1946-1947)].
Hazard
CNS depressant by inhalation and skin
absorption. Very flammable, severe fire and explosion hazard when exposed to heat or flame. Forms
explosive peroxides. Explosive limits in air 1.85–
48%.
Health Hazard
The acute toxicity of diethyl ether is low. Inhalation of high concentrations can
cause sedation, unconsciousness, and respiratory paralysis. These effects are usually
reversible upon cessation of exposure. Diethyl ether is mildly irritating to the eyes
and skin, but does not generally cause irreversible damage. Repeated contact can
cause dryness and cracking of the skin due to removal of skin oils. The liquid is not
readily absorbed through the skin, in part because of its high volatility. Diethyl ether
is slightly toxic by ingestion. Diethyl ether is regarded as having adequate warning
properties.
There is no evidence for carcinogenicity of diethyl ether, and no reproductive effects
have been reported. Chronic exposure to diethyl ether vapor may lead to loss of
appetite, exhaustion, drowsiness, dizziness, and other central nervous system effects.
Brandgefahr
Diethyl ether is extremely flammable (NFPA rating = 4) and is one of the most
dangerous fire hazards commonly encountered in the laboratory, owing to its
volatility and extremely low ignition temperature. Ether vapor may be ignited by hot
surfaces such as hot plates and static electricity discharges, and since the vapor is
heavier than air, it may travel a considerable distance to an ignition source and flash
back. Ether vapor forms explosive mixtures with air at concentrations of 1.9 to 36%
(by volume). Carbon dioxide or dry chemical extinguishers should be used for ether
fires. Diethyl ether forms unstable peroxides on exposure to air in a reaction that is
promoted by light; the presence of these peroxides may lead to explosive residues
upon distillation.
Flammability and Explosibility
Diethyl ether is extremely flammable (NFPA rating = 4) and is one of the most dangerous fire hazards commonly encountered in the laboratory, owing to its volatility and extremely low ignition temperature. Ether vapor may be ignited by hot surfaces such as hot plates and static electricity discharges, and since the vapor is heavier than air, it may travel a considerable distance to an ignition source and flash back. Ether vapor forms explosive mixtures with air at concentrations of 1.9 to 36% (by volume). Carbon dioxide or dry chemical extinguishers should be used for ether fires. Diethyl ether forms unstable peroxides on exposure to air in a reaction that is promoted by light; the presence of these peroxides may lead to explosive residues upon distillation.
Chemische Reaktivit?t
Reactivity with Water No reaction; Reactivity with Common Materials: No reaction; Stability During Transport: Stable; Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Not pertinent; Polymerization: Not pertinent; Inhibitor of Polymerization: Not pertinent.
Industrielle Verwendung
Diethyl ether as a
commercial product is available in several grades and is used as an extraction
solvent, reaction solvent, and as a general anesthetic. Ethyl ether is an excellent
solvent for alkaloids, dyes, fats, gums, oils, resins, and waxes. Blends of ethyl
ether and ethanol are excellent solvents for cellulose nitrate used in the manufacture
of guncotton, in collodion solutions and pyroxylin plastics. Ethyl ether is used in
the recovery of acetic acid from aqueous solutions in the cellulose acetate and
plastic industry. It is used as a starter fuel for diesel engines and as a denaturant in
denatured ethanol formulations. Grignard and Wurtz-Fillig synthesis reactions use
diethyl ether as an anhydrous, inert reaction medium.
m?gliche Exposition
Ethyl ether is used as a solvent for
waxes, fats, oils, perfumes, alkaloids, dyes, gums, resins,
nitrocellulose, hydrocarbons, raw rubber, and smokeless
powder. It is also used as an inhalation anesthetic; a refrigerant; in diesel fuels; in dry cleaning; as an extractant; and
as a chemical reagent for various organic reactions
Environmental Fate
Photolytic. The rate constant for the reaction of ethyl ether and OH radicals in the atmosphere at
300 K is 5.4 x 10
-12 cm
3/molecule?sec (Hendry and Kenley, 1979).
Chemical/Physical. The atmospheric oxidation of ethyl ether by OH radicals in the presence of
nitric oxide yielded ethyl formate as the major product. Minor products included formaldehyde
and nitrogen dioxide. In the absence of nitric oxide, the products were ethyl formate and
acetaldehyde (Wallington and Japar, 1991).
Ethyl ether will not hydrolyze (Kollig, 1993).
Lager
ether should be used only in areas free of ignition sources (including hot plates, incandescent light bulbs, and steam baths), and this substance should be stored in tightly sealed metal containers in areas separate from oxidizers. Because of the tendency of diethyl ether to form peroxides on contact with air, containers should be dated upon receipt and at the time they are opened. Diethyl ether is generally supplied with additives that inhibit peroxide formation; distillation removes these inhibitors and renders the liquid more prone to peroxide formation. Material found to contain peroxides should be treated to destroy the peroxides before use or disposed of properly.
Versand/Shipping
UN1155 Diethyl ether or Ethyl ether, Hazard
Class: 3; Labels: 3-Flammable liquid
Inkompatibilit?ten
May form explosive mixture with air.
Incompatible with strong acids; strong oxidizers halogens,
sulfur, sulfur compounds, causing fire and explosion hazard. Can form peroxides from air, heat, sunlight; may
explode when container is unstoppered or otherwise
opened. Attacks some plastics, rubber and coatings. Being
a nonconductor, chemical may accumulate static electric
charges that may result in ignition of vapor.
Waste disposal
Concentrated waste containing no peroxides-discharge liquid at a controlled rate near a
pilot flame. Concentrated waste containing peroxidesperforation of a container of the waste from a safe distance
followed by open burning. Consult with environmental
regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal
practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant
(≥100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal
Diethylether Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
2-Phenylpropan-2-ol
Pyridin-Boran (1:1)
6-MORPHOLINONICOTINALDEHYDE
2-Methoxy-5-pyridineboronic acid
2-Methoxyphenylboronic acid
(6-ETHOXYPYRIDIN-3-YL)BORONIC ACID
1,2-(Methylendioxy)-4-nitrobenzol
Lactamid
2-Bromo-4-nitro-1-(trifluoromethoxy)benzene
(E)-N,N,N',N'-Tetramethylbut-2-en-1,4-diamin
2-(4-Ethoxyphenyl)-2-methylpropanol
2-[5-(Benzyloxy)-1H-indol-3-yl]-2-oxoacetic acid ,97%
Phosphomolybdic Acid
2-Bromo-1-indanone
Hexa-1,5-dien
4-tert-Butylbenzoyl chloride
2,6-Difluorophenylboronic acid
Ethyl-1-methylpyrrol-2-carboxylat
A-MELANOCYTE STIMULATING HORMONE SYNTHETIC
3-Methylbenzylamin
Benzo[b]thien-2-ylboronic acid
Ecgonin
5,7-Dihydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-benzopyron
17β-Hydroxy-17-methylandrosta-4,9(11)-dien-3-on
1-(Thiazol-2-yl)ethan-1-on
1,4-Epoxycyclohexan
ETHYLENEDIAMINE DIACETATE
Allyl methyl carbonate
Tert-butyl bis(2-chloroethyl)carbamate
N,N-Diethyl-1-propin-1-amin
Levonorgestrel
7-Hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-benzopyron
2,4-Dibromothiophene
2-Amino-6-methylpyrimidin-4-ol
2,2':5',2''-TERTHIOPHENE
4-(Trifluoromethyl)phenacyl bromide
1-Methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid
Hexyloxiran
methylated albumin
3-(4-BROMOPHENOXY)PROPANOIC ACID
