Hexa-2,4-diensure Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
WEISSES KRISTALLINES PULVER.
PHYSIKALISCHE GEFAHREN
Staubexplosion der pulverisierten oder granulierten Substanz in Gemischen mit Luft m?glich.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Schwache S?ure in w?ssriger L?sung.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV nicht festgelegt (ACGIH 2005).
MAK nicht festgelegt (DFG 2005).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den K?rper durch Inhalation des Aerosols.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Nur ungenügende Angaben vorhanden über die Geschwindigkeit, mit der eine gesundheitssch?dliche Konzentration in der Luft beim Verdampfen bei 20°C erreicht wird.
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION: Die Substanz reizt die Augen, die Hautund die Atemwege.
WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION
Wiederholter oder andauernder Hautkontakt kann zu Hautsensibilisierung führen.
LECKAGE
Verschüttetes Material in Beh?ltern sammeln; falls erforderlich durch Anfeuchten Staubentwicklung verhindern. Reste mit viel Wasser wegspülen. Pers?nliche Schutzausrüstung: Atemschutzger?t, P2-Filter für sch?dliche Partikel.
R-S?tze Betriebsanweisung:
R36/37/38:Reizt die Augen, die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.
R36/38:Reizt die Augen und die Haut.
S-S?tze Betriebsanweisung:
S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
S36:DE: Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung tragen.
S24/25:Berührung mit den Augen und der Haut vermeiden.
Chemische Eigenschaften
White, crystalline solid. Slightly soluble in water and
many organic solvents. Combustible.
History
Sorbic acid is a white crystalline solid first isolated in 1859 by hydrolysis of the oil distilled from unripened mountain-ash berries. The name is derived from the scientific term for the rowan tree, Sorbus aucuparia Linne, which is the parent plant of the mountain ash. Sorbic acid was first synthesized in 1900. Interest in this compound was minimal until independent researchers, E. Mueller of Germany and C.M. Gooding of the United States, discovered its antimicrobial effect in 1939 and 1940, respectively. Early interest in manufacturing sorbic acid centered around its use as a tung oil replacement when tung oil supplies were curtailed in the United States during World War II. High manufacturing costs prohibited expanded use until its approval as a food preservative in 1953. Sorbic acid is widely used in foods having a pH of 6.5 or below, where control of bacteria, molds, and yeasts is essential for obtaining safe and economical storage life.
Verwenden
Sorbic Acid is an naturally occurring organic compound first isolated from unripe berries. Sorbic acid has been used as a food preservative and as an inhibitor of Clostridium Botulinum bacteria in mea
t products in order to reduce the amount of nitrites which produce carcinogenic nitroamines.
Definition
ChEBI: A sorbic acid having trans-double bonds at positions 2 and 4; a food preservative that can induce cutaneous vasodilation and stinging upon topical application to humans. It is the most thermodynamically stable of the four possible geometri
isomers possible, as well as the one with the highest antimicrobial activity.
Reaktionen
The chemical reactivity of sorbic acid is determined by the conjugated double bonds and the carboxyl group.
Sorbic acid is brominated faster than other olefinic acids. Reaction with hydrogen chloride gives predominately 5-chloro-3-hexenoic acid. Reactions with amines at high temperatures under pressure lead to mixtures of dehydro-2-piperidinones. A yellow crystalline complex is formed from sorbic acid and iron tricarbonyl. Similar coordination occurs also in the presence of other di- and trivalent metals. Reduction of the double bonds can produce various hexenoic acid mixtures.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
White powder or crystals. Melting point 134.5°C. Slightly acidic and astringent taste with a faint odor.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Soluble in hot water [Handbook of Chemistry and Physics]. May be sensitive to exposure to air and heat. The dust may become explosive, particularly when mixed with free-radical initiators or oxidizing agents. .
Reaktivit?t anzeigen
Sorbic acid may discolor on exposure to light. Can react with oxidizing agents. Also incompatible with bases and reducing agents. The dust may become explosive, particularly when mixed with free-radical initiators or oxidizing agents .
Brandgefahr
Sorbic acid is combustible.
Sicherheitsprofil
Moderately toxic by intraperitoneal and subcutaneous routes. Mildly toxic by ingestion. Experimental reproductive effects. A severe human and experimental skin irritant. Questionable carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic data. Mutation data reported. Combustible when exposed to heat or flame; can react with oxidizing materials. To fight fire, use water. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.
Carcinogenicity
Wistar rats (six males) given subcutaneous
injections of 2mg sorbic acid, in 0.5mL of arachis
oil twice weekly for 65 weeks developed local sarcomas
. The first tumor was observed at 82 weeks.
Similar findings were also observed in follow-up studies
. However, six Wistar rats maintained on
drinking water containing 10 mg of sorbic acid/100mL
drinking water for 64 weeks did not develop tumors.
Tumors also were not observed inWistar rats (50 of each sex)
on diets that contained 40 mg/kg/day of sorbic acid for 18
months or in 25 male and female cross-bred white mice
after administration of 40 mg/kg/day for 17 months.
Mice fed a diet containing 15% sorbic acid for 88 weeks
exhibited a high incidence of hepatoma. Furthermore,
the glutathione level in the livers of the mice that ingested
15% sorbic acid decreased to 40% of the amount found in
controls after a 3-month feeding period; this low level was
maintained until the end of the experiments at 12 months.
There was a close correlation between the extent of depletion
of the glutathione level in the liver and the concentration
of sorbic acid added to the diet. In the same strain of mice fed
a diet containing 15% sorbic acid for up to 6 months, the
acidic fraction of an ether extract showed slight mutagenic
activity in an Ames test with Salmonella typhimurium TA98
in the presence of a liver 9000-g supernatant.
Consequently, the hepatomas that developed in mice fed a
15% sorbic acid diet were considered to be induced both by
the chronic depletion of the hepatic glutathione and by the
gradual production of various promutagens in the intestine,
which were absorbed and metabolically activated by the
liver.
l?uterung methode
Crystallise the acid from water. Dry it air or in a desiccator over P2O5. [Beilstein 2 IV 1701.]
Hexa-2,4-diensure Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
