51-84-3
中文名稱
乙醯膽鹼
英文名稱
Acetylcholine
CAS
51-84-3
分子式
C7H16NO2+
分子量
146.207
MOL 文件
51-84-3.mol
更新日期
2025/01/07 08:45:02
51-84-3 結(jié)構(gòu)式
基本信息
中文別名
乙酰膽堿乙醯膽鹼
英文別名
AcetylcholineACETYLECHOLINE
O-Acetylcholine
(2-acetoxyethyl)trimethylammonium
2-acetyloxyethyl-trimethyl-ammonium
所屬類別
原料藥:擬膽堿藥物理化學(xué)性質(zhì)
沸點(diǎn)265.84°C (rough estimate)
密度1.0528 (rough estimate)
折射率1.4500 (estimate)
CAS 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)51-84-3
EPA化學(xué)物質(zhì)信息Acetylcholine (51-84-3)
安全數(shù)據(jù)
危險(xiǎn)品運(yùn)輸編號(hào)1760
危險(xiǎn)等級(jí)8
包裝類別II
毒性The choline ester of acetic
acid. ACh is released in vertebrates as the neurotransmitter
for cholinergic neurons in the CNS, as well as at several
peripheral locations: somatic neurons innervating skeletal muscle (neuromuscular junctions); preganglionic neurons in
both divisions of the autonomic nervous system; parasympathetic
postganglionic neurons; and a few sympathetic postganglionic
neurons. ACh is synthesized from choline and acetyl
CoA by the mitochondrial enzyme choline acetyltransferase.
Cholinergic receptors (cholinoceptors), that mediate the effects
of ACh, are generally classified as nicotinic or muscarinic,
based on their binding preferences for nicotine and muscarine,
respectively. ACh is hydrolyzed to choline and acetate by
acetylcholinesterase, that is an important target for a variety of
toxic and therapeutic anticholinesterases, such as the nerve
agents, carbamate, and organophosphorus insecticides.
常見問(wèn)題列表
簡(jiǎn)介
乙酰膽堿(acetylcholine),英文簡(jiǎn)稱ACh。乙酰膽堿是一種傳出神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)遞質(zhì),作用位置為全部交感神經(jīng)和副交感神經(jīng)的節(jié)前纖維,運(yùn)動(dòng)神經(jīng),全部副交感神經(jīng)的節(jié)后纖維,和極少數(shù)交感神經(jīng)的節(jié)后纖維。作用
Ach為膽堿能神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)。其性質(zhì)不穩(wěn)定,極易被體內(nèi)乙酰膽堿脂酶水解,且作用廣泛,選擇性差,故無(wú)臨床實(shí)用價(jià)值,可在科學(xué)研究中作為工具藥使用。但Ach作為內(nèi)源性神經(jīng)遞質(zhì),分布較廣,具有非常重要的的生理功能,因此熟悉該遞質(zhì)的藥理作用及其機(jī)制是非常重要的。功能
乙酰膽堿是膽堿能神經(jīng)介質(zhì),已能人工合成,作用于M膽堿受體和N膽堿受體,產(chǎn)生毒蕈堿(M)樣和煙堿(N)樣作用。①M(fèi)樣作用:以臟器平滑肌、腺體的興奮為主要癥狀,表現(xiàn)為瞳孔縮小、支氣管痙攣、呼吸道分泌物增多,引起呼吸困難、肺水腫及呼吸衰竭;胃腸道平滑肌興奮,出現(xiàn)惡心、嘔吐、腹痛、腹瀉;腺體分泌亢進(jìn),表現(xiàn)流涎多汗或大汗不止等。這些與毒蕈堿中毒所引起的癥狀相似,因此稱為毒蕈堿樣作用。②N樣作用:是以交感神經(jīng)節(jié)和橫紋肌活動(dòng)異常為主要癥狀,表現(xiàn)為骨骼肌興奮,出現(xiàn)肌束震顫、牙關(guān)緊咬、頸強(qiáng)直、全身抽搐等癥狀,重者出現(xiàn)癱瘓。這些與煙堿中毒的癥狀相似,因此稱煙堿樣作用。有機(jī)磷農(nóng)藥中毒正是由于此類毒物抑制了體內(nèi)膽堿酯酶活性,使膽堿酯酶失去了水解乙酰膽堿的作用,乙酰膽堿在體內(nèi)蓄積過(guò)多所致。