Malathion (ISO) Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
GELBE BIS BRAUNE FLüSSIGKEIT MIT CHARAKTERISTISCHEM GERUCH.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Zersetzung beim Erhitzen oder Verbrennen unter Bildung giftiger Rauche mit Phosphoroxiden und Schwefeloxiden. Reagiert sehr heftig mit starken Oxidationsmitteln. Greift Eisen und einige andere Metalle, einige Kunststoff- und Gummiarten an. Kann beim Erhitzen das giftigere Isomalathion bilden.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV: 1 mg/m?(als TWA); Hautresorption; Krebskategorie A4 (nicht klassifizierbar als krebserzeugend für den Menschen); BEI vorhanden; (ACGIH 2005).
MAK: (Einatembare Fraktion) 15 mg/m? Spitzenbegrenzung: überschreitungsfaktor II(4); Schwangerschaft: Gruppe D; (DFG 2005).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den K?rper durch Inhalation, über die Haut und durch Verschlucken.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Beim Verdampfen bei 20°C tritt eine gesundheitssch?dliche Kontamination der Luft nicht oder nur sehr langsam ein , viel schneller jedoch beim Versprühen oder Dispergieren.
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION: M?glich sind Auswirkungen auf das Zentralnervensystem mit nachfolgenden Kr?mpfen und Atemdepression. Die Auswirkungen treten u.U. verz?gert ein. ?rztliche Beobachtung notwendig.
WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION
Wiederholter oder andauernder Kontakt kann zu Hautsensibilisierung führen. Cholinesterasehemmer. Kumulative Wirkung m?glich (s. AKUTE GEFAHREN/SYMPTOME).
LECKAGE
Pers?nliche Schutzausrüstung: Atemschutzfilter für organische Gase und D?mpfe. NICHT in die Umwelt gelangen lassen. Ausgelaufene Flüssigkeit m?glichst in abdichtbaren Beh?ltern sammeln. (S. CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN). Reste mit Sand oder inertem Absorptionsmittel aufnehmen und an einen sicheren Ort bringen.
R-S?tze Betriebsanweisung:
R22:Gesundheitssch?dlich beim Verschlucken.
R50/53:Sehr giftig für Wasserorganismen, kann in Gew?ssern l?ngerfristig sch?dliche Wirkungen haben.
R67:D?mpfe k?nnen Schl?frigkeit und Benommenheit verursachen.
R65:Gesundheitssch?dlich: kann beim Verschlucken Lungensch?den verursachen.
R38:Reizt die Haut.
R11:Leichtentzündlich.
S-S?tze Betriebsanweisung:
S2:Darf nicht in die H?nde von Kindern gelangen.
S24:Berührung mit der Haut vermeiden.
S60:Dieses Produkt und sein Beh?lter sind als gef?hrlicher Abfall zu entsorgen.
S61:Freisetzung in die Umwelt vermeiden. Besondere Anweisungen einholen/Sicherheitsdatenblatt zu Rate ziehen.
S62:Bei Verschlucken kein Erbrechen herbeiführen. Sofort ?rztlichen Rat einholen und Verpackung oder dieses Etikett vorzeigen.
Beschreibung
Malathion, a clear amber liquid, is sparingly soluble in water but soluble in a majority of
organic solvents. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) grouped malathion
under GUP, meaning general use pesticide. It is used as an insecticide as well as
an acaricide for the control of pests. Malathion is used for the control of sucking insects
and chewing insects on fruits and vegetables. Malathion is an effective insecticide for the
control of several household pests such as houseflies, cockroaches, mosquitoes, aphids,
animal ectoparasites, and human head and body lice. Malathion is also found in formulations
with many other pesticides.
Chemische Eigenschaften
Malathion is a deep-brown to yellow liquid
with a garlic-like odor. Clear and colorless when pure;
freezing/melting point5 3C;
Physikalische Eigenschaften
Clear, yellow to yellow-orange to brown liquid with an unpleasant garlic, skunk, or mercaptanslike
odor
Verwenden
Malathion is used to control a wide spectrum of insect pests in
many types of crops and disease vectors in public health programmes.
It is also used to control ectoparasites of both humans and animals.
Definition
ChEBI: A diester that is butanedioate substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)sulfanediyl group at position 2.
Indications
Malathion (Ovide) is highly effective in the prevention and treatment of pediculosis.
It displays 95% ovicidal activity and has no scabicidal activity. It works through
cholinesterase inhibition.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
Malathion, 2-[(dimethoxyphosphinothioyl)thio]butanedioic acid diethyl ester, is a water-insolublephosphodithioate ester that has been used as an agriculturalinsecticide. Malathion is a poor inhibitor of cholinesterases.Its effectiveness as a safe insecticide is a result of the differentrates at which humans and insects metabolize the chemical.Microsomal oxidation, which causes desulfuration,occurs slowly to form the phosphothioate (malaoxon),which is 10,000 times more active than the phosphodithioate(malathion) as a cholinesterase inhibitor. Insects detoxifythe phosphothioate by a phosphatase, forming dimethylphosphorothioate, which is inactive as an inhibitor.Humans, however, can rapidly hydrolyze malathion by acarboxyesterase enzyme, yielding malathion acid, a stillpoorer inhibitor of AChE. Phosphatases and carboxyesterasesfurther metabolize malathion acid to dimethylphosphothioate.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Insoluble in water.
Reaktivit?t anzeigen
Malathion is a yellow to brown liquid that solidifies at 2.9° C, moderately toxic. Organic phosphate insecticide, acts as an inhibitor of cholinesterase. When heated to decomposition Malathion emits toxic fumes of oxides of sulfur and phosphorus [Lewis, 3rd ed., 1993, p. 789].
Hazard
Absorbed by skin, cholinesterase inhibitor.
Questionable carcinogen.
Health Hazard
Cholinesterase inhibitor; toxic propertiessimilar to those of parathion; however,less toxic than parathion; moderately toxicby ingestion and possibly other routes ofexposure; toxic symptoms include excessivesalivation, lacrimation, blurred vision, con-striction of the pupils, nausea, vomiting,abdominal pain, and difficulty in breathing;also coma and death can result form largeintake; ingestion of 10–25 g could be fatalto adult humans; skin contact can produceallergic sensitization reaction; also absorbedthrough skin, causing systemic poisoning;experimental teratogen; LD50 data reportedin the literature show wide variation.
LD50 oral (rate): 300–2800 mg/kg
LD50 skin (mouse): 2000–3000 mg/kg
Benslama et al. (2004) have reported twounusual cases of malathion poisoning with arare-type of complication from “intermediatesyndrome” arising 2 to 4 days after the onsetof cholinergic effects. The symptoms wererespiratory paresis with difficulties of wean-ing from assisted respiratory, deficit of proximal limbs, neck flexors and cranial nerves.The authors attributed this syndrome to pro-longed inhibition of acetyl-cholinesterasesand not to any muscular fiber’s necrosis.
Landwirtschaftliche Anwendung
nsecticide: Not approved for use in EU countries. Malathion
is a non-systemic, wide-spectrum organophosphate insecticide.
It was one of the earliest organophosphate insecticides
developed (introduced in 1950). Malathion is suited
for the control of sucking and chewing insects on fruits,
vegetables, citrus, cotton, corn, sorghum, ornamentals and
stored products, and is also used to control mosquitoes,
flies, household insects, farm and livestock parasites (ectoparasites),
and head and body lice. Malathion may also be
found in formulations with many other pesticides; the U.S.
EPA lists 2,283 current and canceled labels of products
containing malathion. Malathion is marketed as 99.6%
technical grade liquid. Available formulations include wettable
powders (25% and 50%), emulsifiable concentrates,
dusts and aerosols.
Handelsname
AI3-17034®; AGRICHEM
GREENFLY SPRAY®; ALCO® Malathion; ALL
PURPOSE GARDEN INSECTICIDE®; AMERICAN
CYANAMID 4,049®; ATRAPA 5E®; BAN-MITE®;
CALMATHION®; CARBETOVUR®; CARBETOX®;
CELTHION®; CHEMATHION®; CIMEXAN®;
COMPOUND 4049®; CROMOCIDE®; CYTHION®;
SPRAY CONCENTRATE®; CYTHION®; DETMOL
MA®; DETMOL® 96%; DETMOL MALATHION®;
DURAMITEX®; EMMATOS EXTRA®; EL
4049®; EMMATON®; EMMATOS®; ETIOL®;
EVESHIELD CAPTAN/MALATHION®; EXATHIOS®;
EXTERMATHION®; FYAFANON®; FISONS
GREENFLY AND BLACKFLY KILLER®; FOG®
3; FORMAL®; FORTHION®; FOSFOTHION®;
FOSFOTION®; FYFANON®; ETHIOLACAR®;
GREEN DEVIL®; GREENFLY AEROSOL
SPRAY®; HILTHION®; KARBOFOS®; KOPTHION
®; KYPFOS®; MALACIDE®; MALAFOR®;
MALAGRAN®; MALAKILL®; MALAMAR®;
MALASOL®; MALASPRAY®; MALATAF®;
MALATHION 60®; MALATHION E50®; MALATOL®;
MALTOX®; MOSCARDA®; ORTHO MALATHION®;
PBI CROP SAVER®; PRENTOX®; PRIODERM®;
PROKIL® Malathion; SADOFOS®; SADOPHOS®;
SF® 60; SIPTOX I®; SUMITOX®; TAK®; TM-4049®;
VETIOL®; ZITHIOL®
Kontakt-Allergie
This organophosphorus pesticide is used as an insecticide and an acaricide, particularly against head lice. Sensitization was reported in farmers.
Sicherheitsprofil
A human poison by
ingestion and skin contact. Can penetrate
intact skin. An experimental poison by
ingesuon, inhalation, intraperitoneal,
intravenous, intraarterial, and subcutaneous
routes. Human systemic effects by ingestion:
coma, blood pressure depression, and
dfficulty in breathmg. Questionable carcinogen. An experimental teratogen.
Other experimental reproductive effects.
Human mutation data reported. Has caused
allerglc sensitization of the skin. An organic
phosphate cholinesterase inhibitor. When
heated to decomposition it emits toxic
fumes of POx and SOx. See also
PHOSPHATES and PARATHION.
m?gliche Exposition
Malathion is marketed as 99.6%
technical grade liquid. Available formulations include
wetable powders (25% and 50%), emulsifiable concentrates, dusts, and aerosols. Malathion is used as a broad
spectrum insecticide and acaricide in the control of certain
insect pests on fruits, vegetables, and ornamental plants.
It has been used in the control of houseflies, mosquitoes,
lice; and on farm and livestock animals.
Carcinogenicity
There was no evidence of carcinogenicity
in rats given diets that contained 4700 or
8150 ppm (about 270 mg/kg and 466 mg/kg) for 80 weeks
and observed for an additional 33 weeks, in rats given diets
that contained 2000 or 4000 ppm malathion (about 115 mg/
kg/day and 230 mg/kg/day) for 103 weeks, or in rats given
diets that contained 500 or 1000 ppm malaoxon for 103
weeks .
Versand/Shipping
UN2783 Organophosphorus pesticides, solid,
toxic, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials
Inkompatibilit?ten
Reacts violently with strong oxidizers,
magnesium, alkaline pesticides. Attacks metals including
iron, steel, tin plate; lead, copper; and some plastics, coatings, and rubbers
Waste disposal
Malathion is reported to be
“hydrolyzed almost instantly” at pH 12; 50%; hydrolysis at
pH 0 requires 12 hours. Alkaline hydrolysis under controlled conditions (0.5 n NaOH in ethanol) gives quantitative yields of (CH3O)2P(S)SNa, whereas hydrolysis in
acidic media yields (CH3O)2P(S)OH. On prolonged contact
with iron or iron-containing material, it is reported to break
down and completely lose insecticidal activity. Incineration
together with a flammable solvent in a furnace equipped
with afterburner and scrubber is recommended. In accordance with 40CFR165, follow recommendations for the
disposal of pesticides and pesticide containers. Must be disposed properly by following package label directions or by
contacting your local or federal environmental control
agency, or by contacting your regional EPA office
Malathion (ISO) Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
