Thymol Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
R-S?tze Betriebsanweisung:
R22:Gesundheitssch?dlich beim Verschlucken.
R34:Verursacht Ver?tzungen.
R51/53:Giftig für Wasserorganismen, kann in Gew?ssern l?ngerfristig sch?dliche Wirkungen haben.
S-S?tze Betriebsanweisung:
S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
S28:Bei Berührung mit der Haut sofort abwaschen mit viel . . . (vom Hersteller anzugeben).
S36/37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung,Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn m?glich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
S61:Freisetzung in die Umwelt vermeiden. Besondere Anweisungen einholen/Sicherheitsdatenblatt zu Rate ziehen.
Chemische Eigenschaften
Thymol occurs as colorless or often large translucent crystals, or as a white crystalline powder with a herbal odor (aromatic and thymelike) and a pungent caustic taste.
Occurrence
Reported in the essential oils of Monarda punctata, Satureia thymera, Origanum floribundum, Ocimum viride,
Ocimum gratissimum and particularly in thyme (Thymus vulgaris L., T. capitatus, T. serpillum L.), where it is contained up to 50%.
Also reported found in citrus peel oils, orange and tangerine juice, bilberry, cranberry, blueberry, papaya, blackberry, celery seed,
chive, clove bud, cumin seed, ginger, peppermint oil, corn mint oil, Scotch spearmint oil, nutmeg, parsley, thyme, Gruyere cheese,
parmesan cheese, romano cheese, white wine, black tea, plum, sweet and wild marjoram, fenugreek, mango, cardamom, dill herb
and seed, licorice, lovage leaf, buckwheat, sweet corn, elder flower, cherimoya, rosemary, lemon balm, Spanish sage, anise hyssop,
sweet grass oil, eucalyptus oil and mastic gum oil.
Verwenden
Thymol is more commonly used in flavor
compositions, mainly in toothpaste flavor,
cough drops, mouth washes, gargles and
chewing gums. It is often used partly for its
antiseptic effect in such products. The concentration may vary from 2 to I00 ppm,
highest in chewing gums.
A newer use of Thymol is that in imitation
Mandarin flavor, since the material was identified in Mandarin peel oil in 1963. It blends
excellently with Citrus, Mint, Spice and herbaceous flavor materials or with fruity complexes.
Vorbereitung Methode
Thymol is obtained from the volatile oil of thyme (Thymus vulgaris
Linne′ (Fam. Labiatae)) by fractional distillation followed by
extraction and recrystallization. Thyme oil yields about 20–30%
thymol. Thymol may also be produced synthetically from pcymene,
menthone, or piperitone, or by the interaction of m-cresol
with isopropyl chloride.
Definition
thymol: A pungent-smelling colourless crystalline compound, C
10H
14O;m.p. 51°C. It occurs in various essentialoils, particularly oil of thyme,and can be made by using iron(III)chloride to oxidize piperitone (itselfextracted from eucalyptus oil). Itsantiseptic properties are exploited ingargles and mouthwashes.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
Thymol is a monoterpene phenol derivative. It is a key volatile aroma constituent of the essential oil of plants such as thyme, basil, and oregano. It has strong antioxidant, antibacterial, anticarcinogenesis, anti-inflammatory, and antiseptic properties.
Clinical Use
Isopropyl m-cresol is extracted from oil of Thymus vulgaris(thyme, of the mint family) by partitioning into alkalineaqueous medium followed by acidification. The crystals obtainedfrom the mother liquor are large and colorless, with athymelike odor. Thymol is only slightly soluble in water,but it is extremely soluble in alcohols and other organic solvents.Thymol has mild fungicidal properties and is used inalcohol solutions and in dusting powders for the treatmentof tinea (ringworm) infections.
Sicherheitsprofil
Poison by ingestion and
intravenous routes. Moderately toxic by
subcutaneous route. Experimental
reproductive effects. Mutation data
reported. An allergen. Incompatible with
acetanilide. When heated to decomposition
it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes. An
FDA over-the-counter drug used as an
antibacterial and antifungal agent.
Sicherheit(Safety)
Thymol is used in cosmetics, foods, and pharmaceutical applications
as an excipient. However, thymol may be irritating when
inhaled or following contact with the skin or eyes. It may also cause
abdominal pain and vomiting, and sometimes stimulation followed
by depression of the central nervous system following oral
consumption; fats and alcohol increase absorption and aggravate
symptoms.
Respiratory arrest, attributed to acute nasal congestion and
edema, has been reported in a 3-week-old patient due to the
erroneous intranasal application of Karvol, a combination product
that includes thymol. The patient recovered, but it was recommended
that inhalation decongestants should not be used in
children under the age of 5 years.
LD50 (guinea pig, oral): 0.88 g/kg
LD50 (mouse, IP): 0.11 g/kg
LD50 (mouse, IV): 0.1 g/kg
LD50 (mouse, oral): 0.64 g/kg
LD50 (mouse, SC): 0.243 g/kg
LD50 (rat, oral): 0.98 g/kg
Lager
Thymol should be stored in well-closed, light-resistant containers,
in a cool, dry, place. Thymol is affected by light.
Inkompatibilit?ten
Thymol is incompatible with iodine, alkalis, and oxidizing agents. It
liquefies, or forms soft masses, on trituration with acetanilide,
antipyrine, camphor, monobromated camphor, chloral hydrate,
menthol, phenol, or quinine sulfate. The antimicrobial activity of
thymol is reduced in the presence of proteins.
Regulatory Status
GRAS listed. Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database
(inhalation, liquid; oral, powder for solution). Included in
nonparenteral medicines (topical creams and ointments) licensed
in the UK. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Nonmedicinal
Ingredients.
Thymol Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
