Butyl-4-hydroxybenzoat Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
R-S?tze Betriebsanweisung:
R36/37/38:Reizt die Augen, die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.
S-S?tze Betriebsanweisung:
S22:Staub nicht einatmen.
S24/25:Berührung mit den Augen und der Haut vermeiden.
Beschreibung
Butylparaben is an antimicrobial agent used in pharmaceutical suspensions. It is act by inhibiting DNA, RNA, and enzymes (eg, ATPase and phosphotransferase) synthesis. Butylparaben may be used alone or with other parabens, chiefly methylparaben and/or propylparaben, in medications. It is common in many liquid and solid (gel cap) OTC products such as Tylenol, Drixoral, Maalox, and Mylanta. Unfortunately, butylparaben concentrations were seldom identified for OTC or prescription products. No attempt was made to identify butylparaben-containing dietary supplements.
Chemische Eigenschaften
Butylparaben occurs as colorless crystals or a white, crystalline,
odorless or almost odorless, tasteless powder.
synthetische
Butyl paraben is prepared by esterifying p-hydroxybenzoic acid with butyl alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst, such
as sulfuric acid, and an excess of the specific alcohol.
Vorbereitung Methode
Butylparaben is prepared by esterification of p-hydroxybenzoic acid
with n-butanol.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
Odorless white crystals or crystalline powder. Tasteless, but numbs the tongue. Aqueous solutions slightly acidic to litmus.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Insoluble in water.
Reaktivit?t anzeigen
Butylparaben is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents and strong caustics.
Brandgefahr
Flash point data for Butylparaben are not available; however, Butylparaben is probably combustible.
Pharmazeutische Anwendungen
Butylparaben is widely used as an antimicrobial preservative in
cosmetics and pharmaceutical formulations.
It may be used either alone or in combination with other paraben
esters or with other antimicrobial agents. In cosmetics, it is the
fourth most frequently used preservative.
As a group, the parabens are effective over a wide pH range and
have a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity, although they are
most effective against yeasts and molds.
Owing to the poor solubility of the parabens, paraben salts,
particularly the sodium salt, are frequently used in formulations.
However, this may raise the pH of poorly buffered formulations.
See Methylparaben for further information.
Kontakt-Allergie
This substance is one of the parabens family. Parabens are esters formed by p-hydroxybenzoic acid
and an alcohol. They are largely used as biocides in
cosmetics and toiletries, medicaments, or food. They
have synergistic power with other biocides. Parabens
can induce allergic contact dermatitis, mainly in
chronic dermatitis and wounded skin.
Sicherheit(Safety)
Butylparaben and other parabens are widely used as antimicrobial
preservatives in cosmetics and oral and topical pharmaceutical
formulations.
Systemically, no adverse reactions to parabens have been
reported, although they have been associated with hypersensitivity
reactions generally appearing as contact dematitis. Immediate
reactions with urticaria and bronchospasm have occurred rarely.
See Methylparaben for further information.
LD
50 (mouse, IP): 0.23 g/kg
LD
50 (mouse, oral): 13.2 g/kg
Lager
Aqueous butylparaben solutions at pH 3–6 can be sterilized by
autoclaving, without decomposition. At pH 3–6, aqueous
solutions are stable (less than 10% decomposition) for up to about
4 years at room temperature, while solutions at pH 8 or above are
subject to rapid hydrolysis (10% or more after about 60 days at
room temperature).
Inkompatibilit?ten
The antimicrobial activity of butylparaben is considerably reduced
in the presence of nonionic surfactants as a result of micellization.
Absorption of butylparaben by plastics has not been reported but
appears probable given the behavior of other parabens. Some
pigments, e.g. ultramarine blue and yellow iron oxide, absorb
butylparaben and thus reduce its preservative properties.
Butylparaben is discolored in the presence of iron and is subject
to hydrolysis by weak alkalis and strong acids.
Regulatory Status
Butylparaben is regulated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) and the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). In 1998 its pesticide registration status was listed as "cancelled" (U.S. EPA, 2003).
Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (injections; oral capsules, solutions, suspensions, syrups and tablets; rectal, and topical preparations). Included in nonparenteral medicines licensed in the UK. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Nonmedicinal Ingredients.
Butyl-4-hydroxybenzoat Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
