Oxacillin Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
Beschreibung
Chemically this is 3-methyl-5-phenyl-4-isoxazolyl penicillin. It was
synthesized in 1961 and has been extensively used in North America.
It is available as an oral solution of 120 mg/5 ml. It usually comes in an injectable formulation of 1 and 2 g. A 10-g injectable formulation is also marketed.
Indications
In terms of the spectrum of antimicrobial action, oxacillin is analogous to benzylpenicillin.
However, it combines the resistance to penicillinase with durability in an acidic medium, which
allows it to be used not only intramuscularly, but also orally. It is used for infections caused by penicillinase-producing staphylococci that are resistant to benzyl- and phenoxymethylpenicillins (septicemia, pneumonia, abscesses, empyemia, osteomyelitis, infected burns, infected
wounds, and others). Synonyms of this drug are cryptocillin, liucipen, optocillin, totocillin, and
others.
Definition
ChEBI: A penicillin antibiotic carrying a 5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazole-4-carboxamide group at position 6.
Antimicrobial activity
There is complete cross-resistance and
tolerance with other group 3 penicillins. Oxacillin is frequently
used to replace methicillin for standardized susceptibility testing
to detect resistant staphylococci.
Acquired resistance
In addition to methicillin-resistant strains producing the low
affinity PBP 2a, rare methicillin-susceptible isolates of Staph.
aureus display reduced susceptibility to oxacillin, due to
incompletely defined chromosomal resistance mechanisms.
Kontakt-Allergie
Oxacillin is a semisynthetic penicillin of the group M.
It is closely related to cloxacillin.
Clinical Use
Uses are those of group 3 penicillins
Nebenwirkungen
There is cross-allergy with other penicillins and reactions are generally typical of the group. Abnormalities of liver function, especially elevation of transaminase levels, may occur, sometimes accompanied by fever, nausea, vomiting and eosinophilia. As with benzylpenicillin, neurotoxicity may develop on high dosage in patients with renal failure. Pseudomembranous colitis has been reported.
Oxacillin Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
