| Identification | More | [Name]
Bromoethane | [CAS]
74-96-4 | [Synonyms]
1-BROMOETHANE
AKOS BBS-00004397
BROMIC ETHER
BROMOETHANE
ETHYL BROMIDE
HYDROBROMIC ETHER
METHYL BROMIDE
MONOBROMOETHANE
1-Bromethan
Bromethan
Bromoethan
bromo-ethan
Bromoetnane
Bromure d'ethyle
bromured’ethyle
C2H5Br
ethane,bromo-
Ethylbromid
ethylbromide(bromoethane)
ethylbromide,akabromoethane | [EINECS(EC#)]
200-825-8 | [Molecular Formula]
C2H5Br | [MDL Number]
MFCD00000232 | [Molecular Weight]
108.97 | [MOL File]
74-96-4.mol |
| Chemical Properties | Back Directory | [Appearance]
Ethyl bromide is a colorless liquid (turns yellow on contact with air) with an ethereal odor and a burning taste. A gas above the boiling point. | [Melting point ]
-119 °C | [Boiling point ]
37-40 °C(lit.)
| [density ]
1.46 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
| [vapor density ]
~3.75 (vs air)
| [vapor pressure ]
25.32 psi ( 55 °C)
| [refractive index ]
n20/D 1.425(lit.)
| [Fp ]
-23 °C
| [storage temp. ]
Refrigerator | [solubility ]
Miscible with ethanol, ether, chloroform and organic solvents. | [form ]
Liquid | [color ]
Clear colorless to slightly yellow | [Stability:]
Stable. Highly flammable. Readily forms explosive mixtures with air. Note low flash point. Incompatible with alkali metals, aluminium, magnesium, strong bases, water, strong oxidizing agents. May be light sensitive. | [explosive limit]
6.7-11.3%(V) | [Water Solubility ]
0.91 g/100 mL (20 ºC) | [Sensitive ]
Light Sensitive | [Merck ]
14,3771 | [BRN ]
1209224 | [Henry's Law Constant]
7.56(x 10-3 atm?m3/mol) at 25 °C (Hine and Mookerjee, 1975) | [Dielectric constant]
9.4（20℃） | [Exposure limits]
TLV-TWA 200 ppm (～90 mg/m3)
(ACGIH, MSHA, OSHA, and NIOSH); TLV STEL 250 ppm (～110 mg/m3) (ACGIH);
IDLH 3500 ppm (NIOSH). | [CAS DataBase Reference]
74-96-4(CAS DataBase Reference) | [IARC]
3 (Vol. 52, 71) 1999 | [NIST Chemistry Reference]
Ethane, bromo-(74-96-4) | [EPA Substance Registry System]
74-96-4(EPA Substance) |
| Safety Data | Back Directory | [Hazard Codes ]
F,Xn | [Risk Statements ]
R11:Highly Flammable.
R20/22:Harmful by inhalation and if swallowed .
R40:Limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect. | [Safety Statements ]
S36/37:Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves . | [RIDADR ]
UN 1891 6.1/PG 2
| [WGK Germany ]
1
| [RTECS ]
KH6475000
| [F ]
8 | [Autoignition Temperature]
952 °F | [TSCA ]
Yes | [HazardClass ]
6.1 | [PackingGroup ]
II | [HS Code ]
29033999 | [Safety Profile]
Confirmed carcinogen.
Moderately toxic by ingestion and
intraperitoneal routes. Mddly toxic by
inhalation. An eye and skin irritant.
Physiologically, it is an anesthetic and
narcotic. Its vapors are markedly irritating to
the lungs on inhalation for even short
periods. It can produce acute congestion
and edema. Liver and ludney damage in
humans has been reported. It is much less
toxic than methyl bromide, but more toxic
than ethyl chloride. It is a preparative
hazard. Dangerously flammable by heat,
open flame (sparks), oxidizers. Moderately
explosive when exposed to flame. Reacts
with water or steam to produce toxic and
corrosive fumes. Vigorous reaction with
oxidizing materials. To fight fire, use CO2,
dry chemical. Ready decomposes when
heated to emit toxic fumes of Br-. See also
BROMIDES. | [Hazardous Substances Data]
74-96-4(Hazardous Substances Data) | [Toxicity]
LC50 rats, mice (ppm): 27000, 16200 (Vernot) | [IDLA]
2,000 ppm |
| Hazard Information | Back Directory | [General Description]
A colorless volatile liquid. Slightly soluble in water and denser than water. Flash point below 0°F. Vapors are heavier than air. Toxic by inhalation. Irritates skin and eyes. Used to make pharmaceuticals and as a solvent. | [Reactivity Profile]
ETHYL BROMIDE(74-96-4) will react with steam to produce toxic and corrosive fumes. ETHYL BROMIDE(74-96-4) can react vigorously with oxidizers. ETHYL BROMIDE(74-96-4) reacts with strong bases. ETHYL BROMIDE(74-96-4) also reacts with chemically active metals such as sodium, potassium, calcium, powdered aluminum, zinc and magnesium. ETHYL BROMIDE(74-96-4) will attack some forms of plastics, rubber and coatings. | [Air & Water Reactions]
Highly flammable. Slightly soluble in water and denser than water. Turns yellow on exposure to air and light. | [Hazard]
Toxic by ingestion, inhalation, and skin
absorption; strong irritant. Questionable carcinogen. Flammable, dangerous fire hazard, explosion
limits in air 6–11%. | [Health Hazard]
TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with some of these materials will irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. | [Potential Exposure]
This chemical is used as an industrial
chemical, pharmaceutical, and veterinary drug; as an ethylating agent in organic synthesis and gasoline; as a refrigerant; and as an extraction solvent. It has limited use as a
local anesthetic | [Fire Hazard]
HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion and poison hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. | [First aid]
If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove any
contact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at least
15 minutes, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek
medical attention immediately. If this chemical contacts the
skin, remove contaminated clothing and wash immediately with soap and water. Seek medical attention immediately.
If this chemical has been inhaled, remove from exposure,
begin rescue breathing (using universal precautions, including resuscitation mask) if breathing has stopped and CPR if
heart action has stopped. Transfer promptly to a medical
facility. When this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention. Give large quantities of water and induce
vomiting. Do not make an unconscious person vomit.
| [Shipping]
UN1891 Ethyl bromide, Hazard Class: 6.1;
Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials. | [Incompatibilities]
May form explosive mixture with air.
Hydrolyzes in water, forming hydrogen bromide (HBr).
Oxidizers may cause fire or explosions. Fire and explosions
may be caused by contact with chemically active metals:
aluminum, magnesium or zinc powders; lithium, potassium,
sodium. Attacks some plastic, rubber and coatings. Note:
Chlorinating agents destroy nitrogen mustards. Dry chlorinated lime and chloramines with a high content of active
chlorine, vigorously chlorinate nitrogen mustards to the carbon chain, giving low toxicity products. In the presence of
water this interaction proceeds less actively. They are rapidly oxidized by peracids in aqueous solution at weakly
alkaline pH. In acid solution the oxidation is much slower | [Description]
Ethyl bromide is a colorless to yellow liquid that becomes a gas
at temperatures above 101 °F (38 ℃). Ethyl bromide has an
etherlike odor and a burning taste. Ethyl bromide is miscible
with alcohols, ether, chloroform, and organic solvents; its water
solubility is 9000 mg l-1 at 25 ℃. Ethyl bromide’s vapor
density relative to air is 3.76. | [Chemical Properties]
colourless liquid with an ether-like odour | [Chemical Properties]
Ethyl bromide is a colorless liquid (turns yellow on contact with air) with an ethereal odor and a burning taste. A gas above the boiling point. | [Waste Disposal]
Controlled incineration with
adequate scrubbing and ash disposal facilities. | [Physical properties]
Clear, colorless to yellow, volatile liquid with an ether-like odor. Odor threshold concentration is
3.1 ppm (quoted, Amoore and Hautala, 1983). | [Uses]
Ethyl bromide is used as a refrigerant and asan ethylating agent. It was formerly used asa topical anesthetic. | [Uses]
Ethylating agent in organic synthesis; as refrigerant. Formerly used as a topical and inhalation anesthetic. | [Uses]
Ethylating agent in synthesis of pharmaceuticals;
refrigerant | [Definition]
A colorless volatile
compound, used as a refrigerant. It can be
made from ethene and hydrogen bromide. | [Preparation]
Bromoethane is produced by the reaction of either hydrogen or potassium bromide with cold ethanol or with ethylene and sulfuric acid (Hawley, 1977; Sittig, 1979; Merck, 1983). It is commercially available at greater than 99% purity. Production from two U.S. manufacturers was estimated at 163.5 million pounds in 1986 (CSITC, 1987); no recent import and export information was available in the literature. | [Carcinogenicity]
This chemical is considered to
be an animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans.
There is no EPA (IRIS) file.
In the lifetime carcinogenic/toxicology study, groups
of rats and mice were exposed 6 h/day, 5 days/week for 104
weeks to 0, 100, 200, or 400 ppm by inhalation. Survival of
rats was unaffected or in the case of the 100 ppm female rats
was significantly above the control group. Body weights
were also unaffected.
Likewise survival of mice was little affected by exposure
except for a decrease in survival at 400 ppm in female mice,
which also had body weights 6–16% lower than controls after
29 weeks. No clinical signs were apparent in any group, but
at autopsy there was evidence of respiratory irritation at
400 ppm. It was concluded that there was clear evidence
of an increase in neoplasms (endometrial adenomas,adenocarcinomas, and squamous cell carcinomas) in the uteri
of female mice. The tumors contributed to the decreased
survival of the female mice exposed to 400 ppm. The terminal
rats of uterine tumors were 0, 3, 14, and 61% in the 0, 100,
200, and 400 ppm groups.
There was equivocal evidence of carcinogenic activity in
the lungs of male mice, and a marginally increased incidence
of neoplasms in the brain and lungs of female rats. Male
rats were considered to have some evidence of a slightly
increased incidence of tumors in the adrenals, brain, and
lungs. Although there was a clear dose–response relationship
in female mice, the dose response in male mice and rats of
both sexes was not as clear. | [Environmental Fate]
Biological. A strain of Acinetobacter sp. isolated from activated sludge degraded ethyl bromide
to ethanol and bromide ions (Janssen et al., 1987). When Methanococcus thermolithotrophicus,
Methanococcus deltae, and Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum were grown with H2-CO2 in
the presence of ethyl bromide, methane and ethane were produced (Belay and Daniels, 1987).
Groundwater. Groundwater under reducing conditions in the presence of hydrogen sulfide
converted ethyl bromide to sulfur-containing products (Schwarzenbach et al., 1985).
Chemical/Physical. Hydrolyzes in water forming ethanol and bromide ions. The estimated
hydrolysis half-life at 25 °C and pH 7 is 30 d (Mabey and Mill, 1978). | [storage]
Color Code—Blue: Health Hazard/Poison: Storein a secure poison location. Prior to working with thischemical you should be trained on its proper handling andstorage. Before entering confined space where this chemicalmay be present, check to make sure that an explosive concentration does not exist. Store in an explosion-proof refrigerator under an inert atmosphere and protect from light.Keep away from incompatible materials listed above.Where possible, automatically pump liquid from drums orother storage containers to process containers | [Purification Methods]
The main impurities are usually EtOH and water, both of which form azeotropes with it. Ethanol and unsaturated compounds can be removed by washing with conc H2SO4 until no further coloration is produced. The ethyl bromide is then washed with water, aqueous Na2CO3, and water again, then dried with CaCl2, MgSO4 or CaH2, and distilled from P2O5. Olefinic impurities can also be removed by storing the ethyl bromide in daylight with elemental bromine, later removing the free bromine by extraction with dilute aqueous Na2SO3, drying the ethyl bromide with CaCl2 and fractionally distilling it. Alternatively, unsaturated compounds can be removed by bubbling oxygen containing ca 5% ozone through the liquid for an hour, then washing with aqueous Na2SO3 to hydrolyse ozonides and remove hydrolysis products, followed by drying and distillation. [Beilstein 1 IV 150.] | [Toxicity evaluation]
Ethyl bromide is an irritant to mucous membranes, is a central
nervous system depressant, and causes histopathological
changes in the liver, renal tissue, and heart. |
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