| Identification | More | [Name]
Sodium azide | [CAS]
26628-22-8 | [Synonyms]
azium
HYDRAZOIC AZIDE SODIUM SALT
Smite
SODIUM AZIDE
SODIUM TRINITRIDE
azide,sodium
azoturedesodium
azoturedesodium(french)
azydeksodu
hydrazoicacid,sodiumsalt
hydrazoicacid,sodiumsalt.
kazoe
natriumazid
natriummajide
natriummazide
nci-c06462
nemazyd
nsc3072
rcrawastenumberp105
sodium,azoturede | [EINECS(EC#)]
247-852-1 | [Molecular Formula]
N3Na | [MDL Number]
MFCD00003536 | [Molecular Weight]
65.01 | [MOL File]
26628-22-8.mol |
| Chemical Properties | Back Directory | [Appearance]
Colorless, hexagonal crystals. Decom-
poses at about 300C. Soluble in water
and in liquid ammonia; slightly soluble in alcohol;
hydrolyzes to form hydrazoic acid. Combustible.
| [Melting point ]
275 °C | [Boiling point ]
300 °C | [density ]
1.85
| [Fp ]
300 °C | [storage temp. ]
2-8°C
| [solubility ]
H2O: 1 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless
| [form ]
Powder/Solid | [pka]
pK = 4.8, aq solns contains HN3 which escapes readily at 37° | [color ]
White to off-white | [Specific Gravity]
1.85 | [Odor]
Odorless solid | [Stability:]
Unstable. Avoid heat, sources of ignition, moisture, shock, friction. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, mineral acids, water, halogen acids and halogen compounds, barium carbonate, bromine, carbon disulphide, mercury, dimethyl sulphate, common metals, especially brass, copper, lead, silver, strong acids. | [Water Solubility ]
420 g/L (17 ºC) | [Sensitive ]
Air & Moisture Sensitive | [Merck ]
14,8581 | [Exposure limits]
Ceiling 0.3 mg/m3 in air (ACGIH). | [CAS DataBase Reference]
26628-22-8(CAS DataBase Reference) | [EPA Substance Registry System]
26628-22-8(EPA Substance) |
| Safety Data | Back Directory | [Hazard Codes ]
Xn,T,N,T+ | [Risk Statements ]
R28:Very Toxic if swallowed.
R32:Contact with acids liberates very toxic gas.
R50/53:Very Toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment .
R52/53:Harmful to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment .
R22:Harmful if swallowed. | [Safety Statements ]
S61:Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions safety data sheet .
S60:This material and/or its container must be disposed of as hazardous waste .
S45:In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show label where possible) .
S28:After contact with skin, wash immediately with plenty of ... (to be specified by the manufacturer) . | [RIDADR ]
UN 1687 6.1/PG 2
| [WGK Germany ]
2
| [RTECS ]
VY8050000
| [TSCA ]
Yes | [HazardClass ]
6.1 | [PackingGroup ]
II | [HS Code ]
28500060 | [Safety Profile]
Poison by ingestion, skin contact, intraperitoneal, intravenous, and subcutaneous routes. Human systemic effects by ingestion: general anesthesia, somnolence, and hdney changes. Questionable carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic data. Human mutation data reported. Violent reaction with benzoyl chloride combined with KOH, Br2, barium carbonate, CS2, Cr(OCl)2, Cu, Pb, HNO3, BaCO3, H2SO4, hot water, (CH3)2SO4, dibromomalononitrile, sulfuric acid. Incompatible with acids, ammonium chloride + trichloroacetonitrile, phosgene, cyanuric chloride ,2,5 -dinitro3 methylbenzoic acid + oleum, trifluroroacryloyl chloride. Reacts with heavy metals (e.g., brass, copper, lead) to form dangerously explosive heavy metal azides, a particular problem in laboratory equipment and drain traps. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of NOx and Na2O. See also AZIDES. | [Hazardous Substances Data]
26628-22-8(Hazardous Substances Data) | [Toxicity]
LD50 in rats (mg/kg): 45 orally (Frederick, Babish) |
| Raw materials And Preparation Products | Back Directory | [Raw materials]
Ethanol-->Sodium nitrite-->Hydrazinium hydroxide solution-->1-Butanol-->Hydrazine hydrate | [Preparation Products]
5-AMINOMETHYL-PYRROLIDIN-2-ONE-->S-METHYL-S-(2-METHYLPYRAZINYL) SULFOXIMINE-->1-METHYL-1H-IMIDAZOL-5-YL ISOCYANATE--> Methyl indole-2-carboxylate-->1,4-OXATHIANE SULFOXIMINE-->4-FLUORO-2,1,3-BENZOXADIAZOLE-->Candesartan-->Zidovudine-->2,6-DICHLORO-4-ISOCYANATOPYRIDINE-->ZENIPLATIN-->1,5-Diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene-->4-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)PHENYL ISOCYANATE-->2-THIOPHENAMINE-->PYRIDINE-2,4-DIAMINE-->Irbesartan-->Azimsulfuron-->3-ISOCYANATO-1,5-DIMETHYL-1H-PYRAZOLE-->METHYL 6-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)-1H-INDOLE-2-CARBOXYLATE-->TETRAHYDROTHIOPHENE SULFOXIMINE-->diazepam-polyhydroxybutyrate microspheres-->1,5-DIMETHYL-1 H-PYRAZOL-3-YLAMINE-->2-ISOCYANATO-1-METHYL-1H-PYRROLE-->S-(1-BUTYL)-S-(5-BUTYLNONAN-5-YL) SULFOXIMINE-->Azidotrimethylsilane-->1-Phenyltetrazole-5-thiol-->5-Mercapto-1-methyltetrazole-->cis-1,2-Diaminocyclohexane-->5-METHOXYQUINOLIN-6-AMINE-->Rotenone-->Losartan-->Amylamine-->1-[2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl]-1H-tetrazole-5-thiol-->Gabapentin-->PEMIROLAST-->5-Mercapto-1H-tetrazole-1-methane sulphonic acid-->Azosemide-->ISOCYANATO(METHOXY)METHANE-->2-ISOCYANATO-4,6-DIMETHOXYPYRIMIDINE-->Benzenesulfonylazide-->2,4,6-Triisopropylbenzene-sulfonyl azide |
| Hazard Information | Back Directory | [General Description]
A colorless crystalline solid. Density 1.85 g /cm3. Burns in air and may explode if large quantities are involved. Toxic by ingestion. Toxic oxides of nitrogen are produced in fires. | [Reactivity Profile]
SODIUM AZIDE is unstable. Decomposes rapidly or explosively at about 300°C [Hawley]. May explode if shocked. Forms violently explosive products if exposed to carbon disulfide. Can be sensitized toward decomposition by metal salts (especially heavy metal salts such as silver chloride) or by traces of strong acids [Sax, 9th ed., 1996, p. 298]. | [Air & Water Reactions]
Soluble in water. Addition of water to SODIUM AZIDE(26628-22-8) which was heated caused a violent reaction, [Angew. Chem. 1952, 64, 169]. Dust may form an explosive mixture in air. | [Hazard]
Highly toxic. Lung damage and cardiac
impairment. Questionable carcinogen.
| [Health Hazard]
Can cause death by affecting the central nervous system. Contact may cause burns to skin and eyes. | [Potential Exposure]
Sodium azide is used as preservative and diluent. It has been used for a wide variety of military, laboratory, medicine, and commercial purposes. It is used extensively as an intermediate in the production of lead azide, commonly used in detonators, and other explosives. Reported to be used in automobile air-bag inflation. One of the largest potential exposure is that to automotive workers, repairmen, and wreckers, if sodium azide is used as the inflation chemical. Commercial applications include use as a fungicide, nematocide, and soil sterilizing agent and as a preservative for seeds and wine. The lumber industry has used sodium azide to limit the growth of enzymes responsible for formation of brown stain on sugar pine, while the Japanese beer industry used it to prevent the growth of a fungus which darkens its product. The chemical industry has used sodium azide as a retarder in the manufacture of sponge rubber, to prevent coagulation of styrene and butadiene latexes stored in contact with metals; and to decompose nitrites in the presence of nitrates. | [Fire Hazard]
When heated to decomposition, SODIUM AZIDE emits very toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides; explosive. Forms explosive-sensitive materials with some metals such as lead, silver, mercury or copper. May form toxic hydrazoic acid fumes in fire. Containers may explode in fire. Avoid acids, benzoyl chloride and potassium hydroxide; bromine; carbon disulfide; copper; lead; nitric acid; barium carbonate; sulfuric acid; chromium (II) hypochlorite, dimethyl sulfate, water, dibromomalononitrile, lead, silver, copper, mercury. Hazardous polymerization may not occur. | [First aid]
If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove any contact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek medical attention immediately. If this chemical contacts the skin, remove contaminated clothing and wash immediately with soap and water. Seek medical attention immediately. If this chemical has been inhaled, remove from exposure, begin rescue breathing (using universal precautions, including resuscitation mask) if breathing has stopped and CPR if heart action has stopped. Transfer promptly to a medical facility. When this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention. If victim is conscious, administer water, or milk. Do not induce vomiting. Medical observation is recommended for 24 to 48 hours after breathing overexposure, as pulmonary edema may be delayed. As first aid for pulmonary edema, a doctor or authorized paramedic may consider administering a drug or other inhalation therapy. | [Shipping]
UN1687 Sodium azide, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials. | [Incompatibilities]
Reacts explosively and/or forms explosive and/or shock sensitive compounds with acids and many metals. Contact with water forms hydrazoic acid. Combustible solid (if heated above 275C). May explode when heated above its melting point, especially if heating is rapid. Reacts with acids; producing toxic, shock-sensitive, and explosive hydrogen azide. It forms explosive compounds with phosgene, brass, zinc, trifluoroacrylol fluoride, and nitrogendiluted bromine vapor. Reacts with benzoyl chloride and potassium hydroxide, bromine, carbon disulfide; copper, lead, nitric acid; barium carbonate; sulfuric acid; chromium (II) hypochlorite; dimethyl sulfate; dibromomalononitrile, silver, mercury. Over a period of time, sodium azide may react with copper, lead, brass, or solder in plumbing systems to form an accumulation of the highly explosive and shock-sensitive compounds of lead azide and copper azide | [Chemical Properties]
Colorless, hexagonal crystals. Decom-
poses at about 300C. Soluble in water
and in liquid ammonia; slightly soluble in alcohol;
hydrolyzes to form hydrazoic acid. Combustible.
| [Chemical Properties]
Sodium azide is a colorless to white, odorless, crystalline solid. Combustible solid above 300°C. | [Waste Disposal]
Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (≥100 kg/mo) must conform to EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal. Disposal may be accomplished by reaction with sulfuric acid solution and sodium nitrate in a hard rubber vessel.Nitrogen dioxide is generated by this reaction and the gas is run through a scrubber before it is released to the atmosphere. Controlled incineration is also acceptable (after mixing with other combustible wastes) with adequate scrubbing and ash disposal facilities. | [Physical properties]
Colorless hexagonal crystals; density 1.846 g/cm3 at 20°C; decomposes on heating to produce sodium and nitrogen; also decomposes in vacuum; soluble in water partially converting to hydrazoic acid, solubility in water, 41.7 g/100mL; slightly soluble in alcohol, 0.316g/100mL at 16°C; soluble in liquid ammonia. | [Definition]
sodium azide: A white or colourlesscrystalline solid, NaN3, soluble inwater and slightly soluble in alcohol;hexagonal; r.d. 1.846; decomposes onheating. It is made by the action ofnitrogen(I) oxide on hot sodamide(NaNH2) and is used as an organicreagent and in the manufacture ofdetonators. | [Preparation]
Sodium azide is prepared by reacting sodium amide with nitrous oxide. The amide is heated with nitrous oxide at 200°C or its solution in liquid ammonia is treated with nitrous oxide at ambient temperature: 2NaNH2 + N2O → NaN3 + NaOH + NH3. | [Production Methods]
Sodium azide can be prepared from sodium metal and liquid
ammonia in the presence of ferric chloride. The amide
formed is treated with nitrous oxide to produce the azide. | [Flammability and Explosibility]
Flammability hazard is low, but violent decomposition can occur when heated to
275 °C. Decomposition products include oxides of nitrogen and sodium oxide. | [Biochem/physiol Actions]
Sodium azide is a preservative for laboratory reagents. It also works as a plant mutagen. It is a F-type ATPase inhibitor and selectively inhibits ceruloplasmin.Sodium azide 0.1M solution is an additive screening solution of Additive Screening Kit. Additive Screen kit is designed to allow rapid and convenient evaluation of additives and their ability to influence the crystallization of the sample. The Additive Kit provides a tool for refining crystallization conditions. | [storage]
In particular,
work with sodium azide should be conducted in a fume hood to prevent exposure by
inhalation, and appropriate impermeable gloves and splash goggles should be worn
at all times to prevent skin and eye contact. Containers of sodium azide should be
stored in secondary containers in a cool, dry place separated from acids. | [Purification Methods]
Crystallise sodium azide from hot water or from water by adding absolute EtOH or acetone. Also purify it by repeated crystallisation from an aqueous solution saturated at 90o by cooling it to 10o, and adding an equal volume of EtOH. The crystals are washed with acetone, and the azide is dried at room temperature under vacuum for several hours in an Abderhalden pistol. Its solubility in H2O is 42% at 18o, and in EtOH it is 0.22% at 0o. [Das et al. J Chem Soc, Faraday Trans 1 78 3485 1982, Schenk in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry (Ed. Brauer) Academic Press Vol I pp 474-475 1963, Browne Inorg Synth 1 79 1939, Frierson Inorg Synth II 139 1946.] HIGHLY POISONOUS and potentially explosive. |
| Questions And Answer | Back Directory | [Overview]
Sodium azide is a white, odorless crystalline powder that dissolves in water and explodes when it hits metal. The compound is extremely toxic which means that signs and symptoms can be observed immediately after exposure. Sodium azide is commonly used as a preservative of samples and in airbags in cars.
| [Health Hazards]
Exposure
When sodium oxide is released from water or the pipeline within a setting, one can be exposed to it by drinking the polluted water. Also, exposure of sodium azide can be through consuming contaminated food, breathing polluted air, as well as through contact.
Chronic Health Effects
Sodium oxide is a mutagen, therefore, can cause genetic changes in the body that can lead to cancer. Moreover, exposure to the chemical can cause reproductive harm. The compound can also affect the nervous system leading to dizziness, weakness of muscles, tremor, anxiety, syncope, and even death.
Acute Health Effects
These include health effects that may be witnessed immediately after exposure to sodium azide. (5) When in contact with the eyes, it can irritate, burn, and even cause loss of vision. On the other hand, the chemical can cause redness of the skin and irritate the nose and throat when inhaled. In addition, sodium oxide can irritate the lungs, thus leading to shortness of breath and coughing. (5)Extreme inhalation of the chemical can cause pulmonary edema – the concentration of fluids in the lungs. Symptoms of exposure include nausea, headache, vomiting, dizziness, syncope, rapid heartbeat, dripping nose, weakness, and red eyes.
| [Stucture]
Sodium azide has a body-centered rhombohedral structure with one molecule per unit cell, a sodium ion at the corners of the cell, and an azide ion arranged along the body diagonal of the cell; coordination is 6:6. The heavier alkali azides are all body-centered tetragonal with 4 molecules per unit cell and 8:8 coordination.
| [Storage and Transportation]
Sodium azide should be stored in a cool, well-ventilated, dry area preferably in polythene or glass. Moreover, it should be stored away from open flames, water, or heat. The substance should be stored away from incompatible materials such as acid chlorides, metals, and hydrocarbons. During transportation, sodium azide should be sealed in tight containers.
| [Disposal]
Destruction
Use freshly prepared nitrous acid to destroy solutions with less than 5% of sodium azide. It is noteworthy that the destruction must take place in an open container and one should wear a fume hood to prevent the effect of nitric oxide gas that is normally released during the reaction.
Waste Disposal
While labeling the container with hazardous waste before disposing of it, it is essential to spell out the full name of the substance. Sodium azide solutions must never be drained, as they can react with copper or lead pipes that can react to produce extremely explosive azide salt.
|
| Questions and Answers (Q&A) | Back Directory | [Uses]
Biomedical Sciences
Sodium azide is a biocide that is used in making chemical preservatives that are used in laboratories and hospitals. In hospitals, it is used as a preservative in blood tests and diagnostic machines. Since the chemical is soluble, it can act as useful metabolic inhibitors that can affect the activities of numerous oxidative enzymes. Specifically, it inhibits oxidative enzymes that are involved in electron transport system respiration. However, accidents have occurred whenever sodium azide is used in a hospital setting; therefore, major bodies such as the CDC that deal with chemicals do not advise the use of the compound.
Automobiles Airbags
Before the 1990s, sodium azide was used in airbags. In airbags, when electricity heats sodium azide to approximately 300oC, it decomposes into two simple components, namely sodium and nitrogen gas. The decomposition of sodium azide happens very fast that the filling of the airbag with nitrogen gas occurs at a velocity of around 200 miles per hour.
Agriculture
Sodium azide is used for pest control due to its ready solubility in water. Nitrifying bacteria acts as a catalyst that decomposes the sodium azide solution to release nitrate, HN3, and NH4+ when added to the soil. It is noteworthy that these components have wide range of activity against nematodes, weeds, and phytopathogenic fungi that is soil-borne. The chemical is typically applied through drip irrigation to avoid reactivity of HN3 in the soil-air space that can eventually result in an active compound that can be ineffective for pest control.
Detonators
When combined with other metals such as copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg), sodium azide becomes unstable and explosive. As such, it is mostly used as detonators due to its explosive nature.
A summary of main uses is listed in the table below:
Industry
Application
Role/benefit
Chemical manufacture
Preparation of other inorganic azide compounds, such as lead azide and silver azide
Precursor
Preparation of organic azide compounds
Azidation agent
Agriculture
Pest control of soil-borne pathogens
Biocide
Crop selection of plants such as rice,barley or oats
Mutagen
Pharmaceutical
Preparation of tetrazoles pharmaceutical intermediates
Raw material
Airbags
Automobile airbags and aircraft safety chutes
Gas source/generates n2 after automobile crash
Antisepsis and sterilization
Preservation of bulk reagents and stock solutions in hospitals and laboratories
Biocide/inhibits the cytochrome oxidase in gram-negative bacteria
Photographic emulsion
Preservative/works without influencing the performance of photographic emulsion
Explosive
Manufacture of detonating agent(lead azide)
Raw material
Others
Manufacture of synthetic resin
Foaming agent/generates N2 during the reaction
Manufacture of Na
Raw material/2NaN3→2Na+3N2
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