| Identification | More | [Name]
Lead oxide | [CAS]
1314-41-6 | [Synonyms]
DILEAD(II) LEAD(IV) OXIDE
DI-LEAD(II) LEAD(IV) OXIDE, RED
LEAD(+2,+4)OXIDE
LEAD(II,III) OXIDE
LEAD(II,III) OXIDE, RED
LEAD(II,IV) OXIDE
LEAD(II,IV) OXIDE, RED
LEAD OXIDE
LEAD OXIDE, RED
LEAD OXIDE, TETRA
LEAD TETRAOXIDE
LEAD TETROXIDE
MINIUM
RED LEAD
RED LEAD OXIDE
TRILEAD TETRAOXIDE
TRI-LEAD TETROXIDE
C.I. 77578
C.I. Pigment red 105
c.i.77578 | [EINECS(EC#)]
215-235-6 | [Molecular Formula]
OPb | [MDL Number]
MFCD00078491 | [Molecular Weight]
223.2 | [MOL File]
1314-41-6.mol |
| Chemical Properties | Back Directory | [Definition]
Natural red oxide of lead. | [Appearance]
red to orange powder | [Melting point ]
500 °C
| [Boiling point ]
800°C | [density ]
9,1 g/cm3 | [vapor pressure ]
10 mm Hg ( 0 °C)
| [solubility ]
insoluble in H2O, ethanol; soluble in hotHCl | [form ]
red powder
| [color ]
Orange | [Stability:]
Stable. May react vigorously with reducing agents. | [Water Solubility ]
Soluble in hydrochloric acid, glacial acetic acid and nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide. Insoluble in water and alcohol. | [crystal system]
square | [Merck ]
14,5425 | [Space group]
P42/mbc | [Lattice constant]
| a/nm | b/nm | c/nm | α/o | β/o | γ/o | V/nm3 | | 0.882 | 0.882 | 0.659 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 0.5127 |
| [Dielectric constant]
25.9（0.0℃） | [Exposure limits]
ACGIH: TWA 0.05 mg/m3
NIOSH: IDLH 100 mg/m3; TWA 0.050 mg/m3 | [InChIKey]
XMFOQHDPRMAJNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N | [CAS DataBase Reference]
1314-41-6(CAS DataBase Reference) | [NIST Chemistry Reference]
Lead(ii,iv) oxide(1314-41-6) | [EPA Substance Registry System]
1314-41-6(EPA Substance) |
| Safety Data | Back Directory | [Hazard Codes ]
O,T,N | [Risk Statements ]
R61:May cause harm to the unborn child.
R8:Contact with combustible material may cause fire.
R20/22:Harmful by inhalation and if swallowed .
R33:Danger of cumulative effects.
R50/53:Very Toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment .
R62:Possible risk of impaired fertility. | [Safety Statements ]
S53:Avoid exposure-obtain special instruction before use .
S45:In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show label where possible) .
S60:This material and/or its container must be disposed of as hazardous waste .
S61:Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions safety data sheet . | [RIDADR ]
UN 1479 5.1/PG 2
| [WGK Germany ]
3
| [RTECS ]
OG5425000
| [TSCA ]
Yes | [HazardClass ]
5.1 | [HS Code ]
28249010 | [Hazardous Substances Data]
1314-41-6(Hazardous Substances Data) | [Toxicity]
LD50 i.p. in rats: 45 mg Pb/100 g (Lead, 1972) |
| Questions And Answer | Back Directory | [Chemical Properties]
Lead oxide is a general term and can be either lead monoxide or "litharge" (PbO); lead tetroxide or "red lead" (Pb3O4); or black or "gray" oxide which is a mixture of 70 percent lead monoxide and 30 percent metallic lead. Black lead is made for specific use in the manufacture of lead acid storage batteries. Because of the size of the lead acid battery industry, lead monoxide is the most important commercial compound of lead, based on volume.
Red lead is produced by oxidizing litharge in a reverberatory furnace.
The major lead pigment is red lead(Pb3O4), which is used principally in ferrous metal protective paints.
| [Physical Properties]
Bright-red crystalline substance or amorphous powder; density 9.1 g/cm3; decomposes on heating to 500°C, melts at 830°C under pressure and oxygen; insoluble in water and alcohol; soluble in glacial acetic acid, hot hydrochloric acid, and a dilute nitric acid-hydrogen peroxide mixture.
| [Uses]
Lead tetroxide has many applications. The most important use is in paint and storage-batteries. It is used as a pigment in corrosion-protecting paints for steel surfaces. It also is used in positive battery plates; in colored glasses and ceramics; in glass sealants for television picture tubes; in propellants and explosives; in radiation shields for x-rays and gamma rays; in the vulcanization of rubber; in glass-writing pencils; in adhesives for tire cords; in foaming agents and waterproofing materials; in plasters and ointments; in lead dioxide matches; and as a catalyst for oxidation of carbon monoxide in exhausts.
| [Preparation]
Lead tetroxide is made by heating lead monoxide in the presence of air at temperatures between 450 to 500°C. The temperature should be maintained below 500°C, above which the tetroxide decomposes.
6PbO + O2→2Pb3O4
Alternatively, the tetroxide may be prepared by heating a mixture of lead monoxide and lead dioxide at 250°C:
2PbO + PbO2→Pb3O4
| [Reactions]
When heated above 550°C, the tetroxide decomposes to monoxide, evolving oxygen:
6Pb3O4→6PbO + O2
Lead tetroxide reacts with dilute nitric acid forming lead nitrate and precipitating lead dioxide:
Pb3O4 + 4HNO3 → 2Pb(NO3)2 + PbO2 + 2H2O
The above reaction may be explained by assuming lead tetroxide as formally equivalent to plumbus plumbate having a structure Pb2II[PbIVO4] in which Pb2+ dissolves in dilute nitric acid forming lead(II) nitrate while Pb4+ precipitates out as lead(IV) oxide.
Lead tetroxide reacts with anhydrous acetic acid at 80°C producing lead(II) acetate and lead(IV) acetate. Alternatively, the tetroxide is added into a mixture of glacial acetic acid and acetic anhydride and heated gently:
Pb3O4 + 8CH3COOH → 2Pb(CH3COO)2 + Pb(CH3Coo)4 + 4H2O
On cooling, the tetraacetate crystallizes, leaving diacetate in the solution. Acetic anhydride is added to react with water produced in the reaction to form acetic acid and thus prevent hydrolysis.
Lead tetroxide can be reduced to metallic lead when heated with reducing agents, such as hydrogen, carbon, or carbon monoxide:
Pb3O4 + 4H2→3Pb + 4H2O
|
| Hazard Information | Back Directory | [Description]
Lead oxide, a range of products that is formed by the oxidation of Lead in the forms of liquid and solid. Lead oxides are basically an oxide’s family varying in color (grey/green, red, and yellow), in degree of oxidation (PbO, Pb3O4, PbO2) and in crystal structure (in forms of PbO, orthogonal and tetragonal).
Lead oxide is a term that can be either Lead monoxide or litharge Lead tetroxide or Red Lead or Gray or Black oxide which is a mixture of 30 percent metallic Lead and 70 percent Lead monoxide. Black Lead is made for specific use in Lead acid storage batteries manufacturing. Due to large use in the Lead acid battery industry, Lead monoxide is one of the most important compounds of Lead, based on volume. Due to its electrical and electronic properties, litharge is also used in various components for different types of use like capacitors, electro photographic plates, and Video tubes, even in ferromagnetic and ferroelectric materials. Their wide range of chemical and physical properties, Lead oxides have been know and used worldwide since before the ancient Romans. | [Production Methods]
Lead(IV) oxide, Pb2O, is obtained by action of chlorine on alkaline solutions of lead(II) oxide or acetate. The reaction is Pb(OH)3-+ ClO- → PbO2 + Cl- + OH- + H2O·PbO2 can also be produced on a lead or platinum anode by electrolysis in acidic solution. | [Brand name]
Hiroval;Wndomethasone. | [World Health Organization (WHO)]
Lead oxides and other lead salts were formerly available in
topical preparations which had soothing astringent properties. The toxicity of lead
salts by inhalation, ingestion and percutaneous absorption is now conclusively
established and the medicinal use of preparations containing lead salts is no
longer permitted in many countries. | [Flammability and Explosibility]
Notclassified | [Industrial uses]
Lead oxide is used quite extensively in optical glass, electrical glass, and tableware. It increases the density and refractive index of glass. In addition, it can be cut more easily than other glasses and has superior brilliance, both of which make it good for cut glass.
Lead glasses may be formulated with a wide variety of electrical and acid-resisting characteristics; desirable properties, such as weather resistance, electrical resistivity, etc., will depend upon the total composition of the glass. |
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