| Identification | More | [Name]
2-Picoline | [CAS]
109-06-8 | [Synonyms]
2-METHYLPYRIDINE
2-PICOLINE
ALPHAP
ALPHA-PICOLINE
.alpha.-Methylpyridine
2-methyl-pyridin
ai3-2409
alpha-Methylpyridine
aPicolin
a-Picoline
o-Methylpyridine
o-Picoline
o-picoline(2-methylpyridine)
PICOLINE, alpha
pyridine,2-methyl-
Rcra waste number U191
rcrawastenumberu191
2-Methylpyridine-d7(2-Picoline),98 atom % D
2-picoline (alpha)
2-Methylpyidine | [EINECS(EC#)]
203-643-7 | [Molecular Formula]
C6H7N | [MDL Number]
MFCD00006332 | [Molecular Weight]
93.13 | [MOL File]
109-06-8.mol |
| Chemical Properties | Back Directory | [Appearance]
Picolines are colorless liquids. Strong, unpleasant, pyridine-like odor.“Picoline” is often used as mixed isomers. | [Melting point ]
-70 °C (lit.) | [Boiling point ]
128-129 °C (lit.) | [density ]
0.943 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
| [vapor density ]
3.2 (vs air)
| [vapor pressure ]
10 mm Hg ( 24.4 °C)
| [refractive index ]
n20/D 1.500(lit.)
| [Fp ]
79 °F
| [storage temp. ]
Flammables area | [solubility ]
H2O: freely soluble | [form ]
Liquid | [pka]
5.97(at 20℃) | [color ]
Clear pale yellow | [Odor]
Unpleasant | [PH]
8.5 (100g/l, H2O, 20℃) | [Stability:]
Stable. Flammable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, sulfuric acid, acids, metals, iron (II) sulfate, hydrogen peroxide. Hygroscopic. | [explosive limit]
1.4-8.6%(V) | [Odor Type]
sweaty | [Water Solubility ]
MISCIBLE | [Sensitive ]
Hygroscopic | [Merck ]
14,7400 | [BRN ]
104581 | [Dielectric constant]
9.8000000000000007 | [InChIKey]
BSKHPKMHTQYZBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N | [LogP]
1.11 at 20℃ | [CAS DataBase Reference]
109-06-8(CAS DataBase Reference) | [NIST Chemistry Reference]
Pyridine, 2-methyl-(109-06-8) | [EPA Substance Registry System]
109-06-8(EPA Substance) |
| Safety Data | Back Directory | [Hazard Codes ]
Xn | [Risk Statements ]
R10:Flammable.
R20/21/22:Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed .
R36/37:Irritating to eyes and respiratory system . | [Safety Statements ]
S26:In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice .
S36:Wear suitable protective clothing . | [RIDADR ]
UN 2313 3/PG 3
| [WGK Germany ]
1
| [RTECS ]
TJ4900000
| [Autoignition Temperature]
995 °F | [TSCA ]
Yes | [HazardClass ]
3 | [PackingGroup ]
III | [HS Code ]
29333999 | [Safety Profile]
Poison by
intraperitoneal route. Moderately toxic by
ingestion and skin contact. Mildly toxic by
inhalation. A skin and severe eye irritant.
Mutation data reported. Flammable liquid
when exposed to heat or flame. To fight
fire, use CO2, dry chemical. Mixtures with
hydrogen peroxide + iron(II) sulfate +
sulfuric acid may igmte and then explode.
When heated to decomposition it emits
toxic fumes of NOx. | [Hazardous Substances Data]
109-06-8(Hazardous Substances Data) | [Toxicity]
LD50 orally in rats: 1.41 g/kg (Smyth) |
| Hazard Information | Back Directory | [General Description]
Colorless liquid with a strong, unpleasant odor. Floats on water. Poisonous vapor is produced. | [Reactivity Profile]
2-METHYLPYRIDINE(109-06-8) is hygroscopic. This compound reacts with hydrogen peroxide, iron(II) sulfate, sulfuric acid, oxidizing agents, acids, and metals. | [Air & Water Reactions]
Highly flammable. Water soluble. | [Health Hazard]
INHALATION, INGESTION OR SKIN ABSORPTION: Narcosis, headache, nausea, giddiness, vomiting. EYES: Severe irritation. SKIN: Causes burns. INGESTION: Irritation and gastric upset. | [Potential Exposure]
(o-isomer); Suspected reprotoxic hazard, Primary irritant (w/o allergic reaction), (m-isomer): Possible risk of forming tumors, Primary irritant (w/o allergic reaction). Picolines are used as intermediates in pharmaceutical manufacture, pesticide manufacture; and in the manufacture of dyes and rubber chemicals. It is also used as a solvent. | [First aid]
If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove any contact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek medical attention immediately. If this chemical contacts the skin, remove contaminated clothing and wash immediately with soap and water. Speed in removing material from skin is of extreme importance. Shampoo hair promptly if contaminated. Seek medical attention immediately. If this chemical has been inhaled, remove from exposure, begin rescue breathing (using universal precautions, including resuscitation mask) if breathing has stopped and CPR if heart action has stopped. Transfer promptly to a medical facility. When this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention. Give large quantities of water and induce vomiting. Do not make an unconscious person vomit. | [Shipping]
UN2313 Picolines, Hazard Class: 3; Labels: 3-Flammable liquid. | [Incompatibilities]
Vapors may form explosive mixture with air. Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides. Attacks copper and its alloys. | [Chemical Properties]
2-Methylpyridine is highly stable in aqueous solutions but decomposes when heated to emit NOx. The chemical also may react with oxidizing agents. | [Chemical Properties]
colourless to yellow liquid with an unpleasant smell | [Chemical Properties]
Picolines are colorless liquids. Strong, unpleasant, pyridine-like odor.“Picoline” is often used as mixed isomers. | [Occurrence]
2-Methylpyridine is released in atmospheric emissions from coal during processing into tar, pitch and coke (Windholz et al 1983; Naizer and Mashek 1974). It is also a byproduct of coal gasification and liquefaction processes (Pellizzori et al 1979; Stuermer et al 1982) and oil shale retorting (Pellizzari et al 1979). It is present in coal and is released in stack emissions (Opresko 1982). 2-Methylpyridine has been identified in effluences from the following industries: timber products, organic chemicals, pharmaceuticals and public waste treatment facilities (Schackleford and Cline 1983). 2-Methylpyridine also is a constituent of tobacco smoke (Brunneman 1978).
2-Methylpyridine is biodegradable. A 1 mM solution of 2-methylpyridine exposed in soil microorganism was completely degraded in 14-33 d under aerobic conditions, but not degraded after 97 d in anaerobic conditions (Naik et al 1972). | [Uses]
Solvent; intermediate in the dye and resins industries. | [Definition]
ChEBI: 2-methylpyridine is a methylpyridine carrying a methyl substituent at position 2. | [Production Methods]
2-Methylpyridine is synthesized by distillation of coal tar or bone oil or by vapor phase reaction of acetaldehyde and ammonia in a 3:1 ratio followed by isolation of 2-methylpyridine from the reaction mixture (Considine 1974). It also can be synthesized from cyclohexylamine with excess ammonia and ZnCl2 at 350°C, resulting in a 40-50% yield; or prepared from ethylene-mercuric acetate adduct with ammonia water with a 70% yield (Windholz et al 1983). Production in 1977 probably exceeded one million pounds (Opresko 1982). | [Synthesis Reference(s)]
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 86, p. 5355, 1964 DOI: 10.1021/ja01077a077
Synthesis, p. 26, 1976
Tetrahedron Letters, 17, p. 383, 1976 DOI: 10.1016/S0040-4039(00)93738-9 | [Flammability and Explosibility]
Flammable | [Industrial uses]
2-Methylpyridine is used as a solvent, or as a chemical intermediate in the dye and resin industries (Windholz et al 1983) or for pharmaceuticals and rubber (Hawley 1981). It is used to make 2-vinylpyridine which is in turn made into a terpolymer with styrene and butadiene. The latexes of these terpolymers are extensively employed in adhesives for bonding textiles to elastomers (Reinhart and Britelli 1981). It is also a chemical intermediate for 2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl)pyridine and 2-vinylpyridine. | [Carcinogenicity]
No reliable studies in mammals
to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of any of the three
methylpyridines were found. None of the methylpyridines is
listed as a carcinogen by IARC, NTP, OSHA, or ACGIH. | [Metabolism]
Methylpyridines are absorbed by inhalation, ingestion or percutaneous absorption (Parmeggiana 1983). 2-Methylpyridine was rapidly absorbed and penetrated to the liver, heart, spleen, lungs and muscle during the first 10-20 min following oral administration of 0.5 g/kg to rats (Kupor 1972). The percentage uptake of 2-methylpyridine by rats increased with dosage and its elimination occurred in two phases which also were dose dependent (Zharikov and Titov 1982).
Data on the biotransformation of 2-methylpyridine have been summarized by Williams (1959) and DeBruin (1976). In rabbits and dogs, the compound is oxidized to α-picolinic acid and then conjugated with glycine to form α-picolinuric acid which is excreted in the urine. In hens, it is excreted partially as α-pyridinornithuric acid. About 96% of a 100 mg/kg oral dose of 2-methylpyridine in rats was excreted in the urine as picolinuric acid (Hawksworth and Scheline 1975). There also is evidence that 2-methylpyridine forms an 2-methylated derivative in dogs (Williams 1959). Since 3-methylpyridine is converted to its N-oxide in various species (Gorrod and Damani 1980), it is likely that 2-methyl-pyridine also is similarly oxidized. | [Purification Methods]
Biddiscombe and Handley [J Chem Soc 1957 1954] steam distilled a boiling solution of the base in 1.2 equivalents of 20% H2SO4 until about 10% of the base had been carried over, along with non-basic impurities. Excess aqueous NaOH is then added to the residue, the free base is separated, dried with solid NaOH and fractionally distilled. 2-Methylpyridine can also be dried with BaO, CaO, CaH2, LiAlH4, sodium or Linde type 5A molecular sieves. An alternative purification is via the ZnCl2 adduct, which is formed by adding 2-methylpyridine (90mL) to a solution of anhydrous ZnCl2 (168g) and 42mL conc HCl in absolute EtOH (200mL). Crystals of the complex are filtered off, recrystallised twice from absolute EtOH (to give m 118.5-119.5o), and the free base is liberated by addition of excess aqueous NaOH. It is steam distilled, and solid NaOH is added to the distillate to form two layers, the upper one of which is then dried with KOH pellets, stored for several days with BaO and fractionally distilled. Instead of ZnCl2, HgCl2 (430g in 2.4L of hot water) can be used. The complex, which separates on cooling, can be dried at 110o and recrystallised from 1% HCl (to m 156-157o). The hydrochloride has m 78-79o, and the picrate has m 165.5o(from EtOH) and 180o(from H2O). [Beilstein 20 III/IV 2679, 20/5 V 464.] |
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