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British Journal of Dermatology

British Journal of Dermatology

IF: 11
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Patch testing with preservatives, antimicrobials and industrial biocides. Results from a multicentre study

Published:4 January 2002 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2133.1998.02126.x PMID: 9580801
Schnuch,  Geier,  Uter,  Frosch

Abstract

Preservatives are biologically reactive substances, and their allergenic potential has been known for a long time. This study examined the role of different preservatives in a large number of patients with suspected allergic contact dermatitis. Patch test data and data from the patients' history were collected from the 24 departments participating in the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology from 1 January 1990 to 31 December 1994. Patch test data from 28,349 patients tested with preservatives of the standard series (SS), from 11,485 patients tested additionally with a preservative series (PS), and from 1787 patients tested with an industrial biocide tray (IB) were evaluated. Sensitization rates (standardized) of the SS preservatives were all >?1%, with thiomersal rating highest (5.3%), the parabens lowest (1.6%), and the remainder (chlormethylisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone, formaldehyde and methyldibromoglutaronitrile/phenoxyethanol (MDBGN/PE)) in the range of 2%. The most important allergens of the PS were, in women, alkylaminobenzoate (contained in milking fat) (2.5%), MDBGN/PE (2.2%), benzalkonium chloride (1.8%), chloracetamide (1.4%), diazolidinyl urea (1.3%), octylgallate (1.2%) and BronopolTM (1.1%). In men rates differed only with regard to alkylaminobenzoate (0.9%). Patients tested with the IB series reacted most often to methylene-bis-thiocyanate (5%), but with a reaction index of ??0.7, many reactions were most probably false positives. A further seven preservatives, mostly formaldehyde-releasers used in cutting fluids, gave sensitization rates of between 1% and 3%. Glutaraldehyde, not contained in the series but often tested additionally, showed a remarkable increase in sensitization during the study period. Health care personnel were frequently affected. Altogether, this study identified areas of concern within the different groups of preservatives. The overall impact of most of the preservatives on public health seems to be low, but for diagnostic reasons preservatives must be included in patch test series.

Substances (14)

Related products
Procduct Name CAS Molecular Formula Supplier Price
Propylparaben 94-13-3 C10H12O3 861 suppliers $17.00-$1269.00
Formaldehyde 50-00-0 CH2O 853 suppliers $10.00-$1640.00
2-Phenoxyethanol 122-99-6 C8H10O2 842 suppliers $8.00-$875.00
Bronopol 52-51-7 C3H6BrNO4 830 suppliers $11.65-$2495.47
Benzalkonium Chloride 63449-41-2 C17H30ClN 579 suppliers $21.00-$2665.00
Glutaraldehyde 111-30-8 C5H8O2 560 suppliers $13.50-$1930.00
Chloroacetamide 79-07-2 C2H4ClNO 492 suppliers $5.00-$3326.40
2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one 2682-20-4 C4H5NOS 487 suppliers $10.00-$615.00
Isothiazolinones 26172-55-4 C4H4ClNOS 432 suppliers $15.00-$4161.85
Methylene dithiocyanate 6317-18-6 C3H2N2S2 400 suppliers $39.00-$2333.10

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