Cytidine 5’-monophosphate (5'-CMP) is a key intermediate in the production of nucleotide derivatives and has been widely used in the food, agriculture and pharmaceutical industries. 5'-CMP can be used in the synthesis of RNA and further phosphorylated to form cytidine 5'-diphosphate (CDP) and cytidine 5'-triphosphate (CTP). CMP is also an intermediate in the synthesis of phospholipids.

Uses

In the pharmaceutical field, studies have shown that 5'-CMP and uridine 5'-monophosphate (5'-UMP) can induce PGC-1α expression and promote myotube formation in mouse C2C12 cells. 5'-CMP relieves muscle atrophy by activating PGC-1α and differentiation, while 5'-UMP relieves muscle atrophy by inhibiting the activation of the myolytic system, and the combination of the two can enhance the inhibitory effect of muscle atrophy. 5'-CMP and 5'-UMP may be effective and safe methods for the treatment of muscle atrophy. However, the clinical effect remains to be studied.

In addition, 5'-CMP as a ligand can also be used to prepare gold nanoclusters AuNCs@CMP for direct ratiometric determination of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) fluorescent nanosubstrates. The determination range is 0.0050~0.25 U·L?1. AuNCs@CMP are reported to act as catalysts for redox reactions that exhibit oxidase and excellent peroxidase-like activities. In particular, they also exhibit excellent catalytic activity against ROS generation in tumor cells and are activated and promoted by the tumor microenvironment (TME).

Biological activity

CMP strongly stimulates the transfer reaction with pA-fMet as the donor substrate, while the transfer reaction with CpApCpCpA-acLeu as the donor substrate is inhibited by CMP. These results suggest that the donor site of peptidyl transferase contains specific binding sites for the terminal adenosine and cytidylic acid residues in the tRNA terminal sequence CpCpA, and that the attachment of appropriate nucleotides to the donor site induces conformational changes in peptidyl transferase.

Benefits

5'-CMP as a dietary supplement improves muscle strength and general neuronal function. CMP is a metabolite of the nervous system and a coenzyme for enzymes involved in the synthesis of phospholipids and glycolipids. Studies have shown that CMP supplementation increases growth and nonspecific immune properties in grouper (Epinephelus malabaricus). Dietary supplementation with cytidine monophosphate also enhances growth, blood properties, innate and adaptive immune function, and stress resistance in juvenile red sea bream (Pagrus major).

References:

[1] KOSUKE NAKAGAWARA; Kazuya I; Chieri Takeuchi. 5′-CMP and 5′-UMP alleviate dexamethasone-induced muscular atrophy in C2C12 myotubes[J]. Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports, 2023. DOI:10.1016/j.bbrep.2023.101460.

[2] CHUN-XIA ZHANG . Development of cytidine 5′-monophosphate-protected gold-nanoclusters to be a direct luminescent substrate via aggregation-induced emission enhancement for ratiometric determination of alkaline phosphatase and inhibitor evaluation[J]. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2022. DOI:10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128423.

[3] FEI TENG . Cell-free regeneration of ATP based on polyphosphate kinase 2 facilitates cytidine 5’-monophosphate production[J]. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 2023. DOI:10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110211.

[4] CHUN-XIA ZHANG, YUQING WU Tumor Microenvironments-Adaptive Apoptotic Effects of Cytidine 5′-monophosphate-Capped Gold Nanoclusters[J]. ACS Applied Bio Materials, 2022. DOI:10.1021/acsabm.2c00380.