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Hydrocarbons and derivatives

Hydrocarbon compounds are also known as hydrocarbons. They are compounds only containing two elements, hydrogen and carbon. When their molecular hydrogen atoms are replaced by various kinds of other element atoms or atom groups, we can obtain various kinds of hydrocarbon derivatives. German chemist Schorlemmer had discovered butane and other hydrocarbons, and is thus known as the founder of the hydrocarbon chemistry. There are many types of hydrocarbons with number of hydrocarbons with known structure being over 2,000 kinds. Based on the connecting way of carbon bonds, they are divided into chain hydrocarbon and cyclic hydrocarbon, two types with the former one having its carbon atoms connected in a chain shape. According to the saturation degree of hydrogen atom on valence bonds, they are divided into saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Saturated hydrocarbons are namely alkanes, such as methane, ethane and so on; unsaturated hydrocarbons include olefin and alkynes with representation being ethylene and acetylene. Cyclic hydrocarbon has its intramolecular carbon bonds connected into a closed ring. It includes two kinds, alicyclic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons. There are many similarities between alicyclic hydrocarbons and chain hydrocarbon. General cyclic hydrocarbons are similar to hydrocarbons while cyclic olefin and cyclic alkyne are respectively similar as alkenes and alkynes. Aromatic hydrocarbons mainly refer to hydrocarbons containing benzene ring structure.

Chain hydrocarbon is also known as aliphatic hydrocarbon due to that during the initial study; it was found that oil lipid contained many of these open chain compounds. The naming of alicyclic hydrocarbons is due to its similar nature as aliphatic hydrocarbons. The nature of aromatic hydrocarbon is different from other hydrocarbons while first discovered several compounds are all scented, leading to the name which is still in use today.

Oil, gas and coal are the main source of hydrocarbons. Petroleum refining can give a variety of alkane mixture such as gasoline, kerosene, diesel, etc; oil cracking, reforming give various kinds of olefins, alicyclic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons. Coal tar contains various kinds of aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g., benzene, naphthalene, etc.). Many kinds of higher hydrocarbons are presented in plants such as the pigments contained in tomatoes and carrots. The wax of many kinds of plants and animals also contains higher content of alkanes. For example, beeswax contains C27H56 and C31H64; wax of spinach leaves contains C33H68, C35H72, and C37H76; wax of cabbage leaves contains C29H60 and so on. The main component of natural rubber, polyisoprene also belongs to hydrocarbon. An important application of hydrocarbons is being used as fuel and chemical raw materials. Through secondary processing of petroleum, it can give ethylene, propylene, butadiene, benzene, toluene, xylene and naphthalene, and other basic organic industrial raw materials. From these materials, we can further prepare styrene, ethanol, acetone and other chemicals. Re-use of these raw materials can be used for manufacturing of a variety of plastics, synthetic rubber, synthetic fibers and fine chemical products. Hydrocarbons may also be used as food for certain bacteria to utilize with those proteins (oil protein) excreted by these bacteria proteins being applied as feed. The national scale and level of processing and application of hydrocarbons may reflect the extent of economic and technological development of a country.

Hydrocarbon derivative refers to the general term of many kinds of complicated compound derived from hydrocarbon molecules with one or more hydrogen atoms being substituted by other atoms or atoms groups. Compounds derived from halogen substitution are called halogenated hydrocarbon; derived from hydroxy substitution are called alcohols or phenols; derived from carboxy substitution are called carboxylic acids. Ester, acyl halide, acid anhydride, amides, aldehydes, ketones, amines and nitriles, etc. can be considered to be the compounds derived from hydrocarbons with intramolecular hydrogen atoms being substituted by corresponding atoms. During early 19th century, German chemist Schorlemmer, based on years of experimental and theoretical studies, had first defined organic chemistry as chemistry concerning hydrocarbons and their derivatives. This definition is formulated based on the principles of atom combination theory, being more reasonable and advanced than all the previous definitions, thus further being adopted by many chemists. However, the problem is that it doesn’t distinguish the difference between organic and inorganic substances. The definition of Schorlemmer had greatly promoted the development of the theory regarding to the organic chemistry structure. He was the first man who defined organic compound as above scientific classifications, establishing a scientific system. He was the first man who divided organics into aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons and further classified aliphatic compounds into hydrocarbons (saturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons), halocarbons, alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, acids, esters and so on.

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Structure Chemical Name CAS MF
2-BROMO-BENZAMIDINE 2-BROMO-BENZAMIDINE 92622-81-6 C7H7BrN2
4-Oxocyclohexylmethanesulfonate 4-Oxocyclohexylmethanesulfonate 78847-53-7 C7H12O4S
4-Bromo-1-chloro-2-fluorobenzene 4-Bromo-1-chloro-2-fluorobenzene 60811-18-9 C6H3BrClF
3,6-Dibromo-benzene-1,2,4,5-tetracarbonitrile 3,6-Dibromo-benzene-1,2,4,5-tetracarbonitrile 60510-13-6 C10Br2N4
t-Boc-Aminooxy-PEG7-methane t-Boc-Aminooxy-PEG7-methane 2055041-27-3 C20H41NO10
1,3-bis(1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)propane 1,3-bis(1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)propane 1228666-88-3 C7H10N6
Benzene, 1-(bromomethyl)-4-(difluoromethyl)- Benzene, 1-(bromomethyl)-4-(difluoromethyl)- 873373-34-3 C8H7BrF2
2-chloro-4,6-di-p-tolyl-1,3,5-triazine 2-chloro-4,6-di-p-tolyl-1,3,5-triazine 21902-34-1 C17H14ClN3
Butyl 1-allylcyclopropanesulfonate Butyl 1-allylcyclopropanesulfonate 923032-56-8 C10H18O3S
 1,3-Bis(2,6-dibenzhydryl-4-methylphenyl)-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride 1,3-Bis(2,6-dibenzhydryl-4-methylphenyl)-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride 1218778-19-8 C69H57ClN2
1-bromo- 1-chlorocyclopropane 1-bromo- 1-chlorocyclopropane 108817-33-0 C3H4BrCl
Methyl 4-bromo-2-ethylbenzoate Methyl 4-bromo-2-ethylbenzoate 194487-79-1 C10H11BrO2
Perfluorooctane CAS: 307-34-6 Perfluorooctane CAS: 307-34-6 C8F18
1,4-DIOXANE-2,3-DIOL 1,4-DIOXANE-2,3-DIOL 4845-50-5 C4H8O4
(R)-NOBIN (R)-NOBIN 137848-28-3 C20H15NO
1,3,5-TRIIODOBENZENE 1,3,5-TRIIODOBENZENE 626-44-8 C6H3I3
1,3,5,7-Tetrabromoadamantane 1,3,5,7-Tetrabromoadamantane 7314-86-5 C10H12Br4
4,4,5,5-tetraMethyl-2-(3-(triphenylen-2-yl)phenyl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolane 4,4,5,5-tetraMethyl-2-(3-(triphenylen-2-yl)phenyl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolane 1115639-92-3 C30H27BO2
1,1'-(4-CHLOROBUTYLIDENE)BIS(4-FLUOROBENZENE) 1,1'-(4-CHLOROBUTYLIDENE)BIS(4-FLUOROBENZENE) 3312-04-7 C16H15ClF2
3-METHYLOCTANE 3-METHYLOCTANE 2216-33-3 C9H20
1-(P-TOSYL)AZIRIDINE 1-(P-TOSYL)AZIRIDINE 3634-89-7 C9H11NO2S
4-(4-PROPYLCYCLOHEXYL)CYCLOHEXYLPHENYL IODIDE 4-(4-PROPYLCYCLOHEXYL)CYCLOHEXYLPHENYL IODIDE 85547-11-1 C21H31I
4-[1-(4,5-DIHYDRO-4,4-DIMETHYL-2-OXAZOLYL)-1-METHYLETHYL]-BENZENEETHANOL 4-[1-(4,5-DIHYDRO-4,4-DIMETHYL-2-OXAZOLYL)-1-METHYLETHYL]-BENZENEETHANOL 361382-26-5 C16H23NO2
CYCLOHEXANECARBONITRILE, 4,4-DIFLUORO- CYCLOHEXANECARBONITRILE, 4,4-DIFLUORO- 922728-21-0 C7H9F2N
(S)-(+)-(3,5-DIOXA-4-PHOSPHACYCLOHEPTA[2,1-A,3,4-A']DINAPHTHALEN-4-YL)BIS[(1R)-1-(1-NAPHTHALENYL)ETHYL]AMINE (S)-(+)-(3,5-DIOXA-4-PHOSPHACYCLOHEPTA[2,1-A,3,4-A']DINAPHTHALEN-4-YL)BIS[(1R)-1-(1-NAPHTHALENYL)ETHYL]AMINE 342813-25-6 C44H34NO2P
BENZENE, 2-BROMO-1-IODO-3-METHYL- BENZENE, 2-BROMO-1-IODO-3-METHYL- 888214-21-9 C7H6BrI
1,3,2-DIOXABOROLANE, 4,4,5,5-TETRAMETHYL-2-(2-PYRENYL)- 1,3,2-DIOXABOROLANE, 4,4,5,5-TETRAMETHYL-2-(2-PYRENYL)- 853377-11-4 C22H21BO2
1,2,3-Trifluoro-5-[trans-4-[2-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)ethyl]cyclohexyl]benzene 1,2,3-Trifluoro-5-[trans-4-[2-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)ethyl]cyclohexyl]benzene 131819-24-4 C23H33F3
1-(4-Methylphenyl)-1-cyclohexanecarbonitrile 1-(4-Methylphenyl)-1-cyclohexanecarbonitrile 1206-13-9 C14H17N
Trans,trans-4-(4'-ethylbicyclohexyl)-1,2,3-trifluorobenzene Trans,trans-4-(4'-ethylbicyclohexyl)-1,2,3-trifluorobenzene 139215-80-8 C20H27F3
1-Bromo-2-chloro-4,6-diflorobenzene 1-Bromo-2-chloro-4,6-diflorobenzene 1020198-58-6 C6H2BrClF2
4-METHYLOCTANE 4-METHYLOCTANE 2216-34-4 C9H20
COMBRETASTATIN A1 COMBRETASTATIN A1 109971-63-3 C18H20O6
piperidin-3-ylmethyl trifluoromethanesulfonate piperidin-3-ylmethyl trifluoromethanesulfonate 906073-55-0 C6H13NO3S
1,3-DibroMo-2-(broMoMethyl)benzene 1,3-DibroMo-2-(broMoMethyl)benzene 93701-32-7 C7H5Br3
4-Bromo-5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine 4-Bromo-5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine 916176-52-8 C7H4BrClN2
3-(Trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)fluorophenyl 3-(Trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)fluorophenyl 138679-81-9 C15H21F
2-Fluorobenzenesulfonyl Fluoride 2-Fluorobenzenesulfonyl Fluoride 52200-99-4 C6H4F2O2S
1-Chloroethyl (4-nitrophenyl) carbonate 1-Chloroethyl (4-nitrophenyl) carbonate 101623-69-2 C9H8ClNO5
(+)-(4R)-trans-4-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-nitrophenoxy)-2-oxo-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinane (+)-(4R)-trans-4-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-nitrophenoxy)-2-oxo-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinane 805235-83-0 C15H13ClNO6P
4-(3-Amino-1,2,4-triazin-6-yl)-2-fluorobenzonitrile 4-(3-Amino-1,2,4-triazin-6-yl)-2-fluorobenzonitrile 1197377-47-1 C10H6FN5
1,3,5-Tris(carboxyMethoxy)benzene 1,3,5-Tris(carboxyMethoxy)benzene 215162-34-8 C12H12O9
Bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)iodonium chloride Bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)iodonium chloride 5421-53-4 C20H26ClI
9-Benzyl-3,6-dibroMocarbazole 9-Benzyl-3,6-dibroMocarbazole 118599-27-2 C19H13Br2N
1-Bromo-cyclopropanecarbonitrile 1-Bromo-cyclopropanecarbonitrile 1350746-42-7 C4H4BrN
1-benzyl-3-broMobenzene 1-benzyl-3-broMobenzene 27798-39-6 C13H11Br
1,1-Bis(iodomethyl)cyclopropane 1,1-Bis(iodomethyl)cyclopropane 83321-23-7 C5H8I2
(S)-(+)-Epiboromohydrin (S)-(+)-Epiboromohydrin 96479-96-8 C3H5BrO
Linker for PCN-12 MOF Linker for PCN-12 MOF 10397-52-1 C17H12O8
4-Fluoro-2-nitrotoluene 4-Fluoro-2-nitrotoluene 446-10-6 C7H6FNO2
1-BROMO-4-DECYLBENZENE 1-BROMO-4-DECYLBENZENE 106418-67-1 C16H25Br
BENZENEBUTANOL, 4-METHYL- BENZENEBUTANOL, 4-METHYL- 53392-07-7 C11H16O
1,3,5-TRIBENZOYLBENZENE 1,3,5-TRIBENZOYLBENZENE 25871-69-6 C27H18O3
1-chloro-1-chloro-acetyl-cyclopropane 1-chloro-1-chloro-acetyl-cyclopropane 73492-25-8 C4H4Cl2O
3-Amino-1-diphenylmethylazetidine 3-Amino-1-diphenylmethylazetidine 40432-52-8 C16H18N2
disodium 1,1'-methylenedi(naphthalene-2-sulphonate) disodium 1,1'-methylenedi(naphthalene-2-sulphonate) 2379-92-2 C21H14Na2O6S2
1,6-dichloronaphthalene 1,6-dichloronaphthalene 2050-72-8 C10H6Cl2
5-[[4-[(4,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)methylamino]phenyl]azo]-2-[2-(4-nitro-2-sulphophenyl)vinyl]benzenesulphonic acid 5-[[4-[(4,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)methylamino]phenyl]azo]-2-[2-(4-nitro-2-sulphophenyl)vinyl]benzenesulphonic acid 4882-79-5 C24H17Cl2N7O8S2
isooctane isooctane 26635-64-3 C8H18
disodium 7-(acetylamino)-3-[[4-[(4-chloro-2-sulphonatophenyl)azo]-2,5-dimethylphenyl]azo]-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2-sulphonate disodium 7-(acetylamino)-3-[[4-[(4-chloro-2-sulphonatophenyl)azo]-2,5-dimethylphenyl]azo]-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2-sulphonate 5873-19-8 C26H20ClN5Na2O8S2
di-2,4-xylyl sulphone di-2,4-xylyl sulphone 5184-75-8 C16H18O2S
4-methyl-4-phenylpentan-2-ol 4-methyl-4-phenylpentan-2-ol 2035-93-0 C12H18O
4-[(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)azo]benzenesulphonic acid 4-[(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)azo]benzenesulphonic acid 2050-34-2 C12H10N2O5S
3-(dimethylamino)-1,2-dimethylpropyl p-aminobenzoate 3-(dimethylamino)-1,2-dimethylpropyl p-aminobenzoate 891-33-8 C14H22N2O2
delphinine delphinine 561-07-9 C33H45NO9
5-(Methyl-d3)-dibenzothiophenium, 1,1,
1-trifluoromethanesulfonate 5-(Methyl-d3)-dibenzothiophenium, 1,1, 1-trifluoromethanesulfonate 2251781-83-4 C14H11F3O3S2
2-Chloro-3-fluorobenzyl bromide 2-Chloro-3-fluorobenzyl bromide 874285-19-5 C7H5BrClF
Benzene, 1-chloro-4-[(fluoromethyl)sulfinyl]- Benzene, 1-chloro-4-[(fluoromethyl)sulfinyl]- 65325-69-1 C7H6ClFOS
2,6-DIBROMOBENZOTHIAZOLE 2,6-DIBROMOBENZOTHIAZOLE 408328-13-2 C7H3Br2NS
n-pentane-pentane-pentane oil n-pentane-pentane-pentane oil
1,3-Benzenedicarbonitrile, 5-formyl- (9CI) 1,3-Benzenedicarbonitrile, 5-formyl- (9CI) 331714-58-0 C9H4N2O
2-Fluoro-5-iodonitrobenzene 2-Fluoro-5-iodonitrobenzene 364-75-0 C6H3FINO2
3,6-Diphenyl-9H-carbazole 3,6-Diphenyl-9H-carbazole 56525-79-2 C24H17N
(bromomethyl)benzene (bromomethyl)benzene C7H7Br
3-Bromo-1,2-diaminobenzene 3-Bromo-1,2-diaminobenzene 1575-36-6 C6H7BrN2
TERPINEN-4-OL(SG) TERPINEN-4-OL(SG) C10H18O
1,2-DIBROMO-3,5-DIFLUOROBENZENE 1,2-DIBROMO-3,5-DIFLUOROBENZENE 139215-43-3 C6H2Br2F2
[BIS(TRIFLUOROACETOXY)IODO]PENTAFLUOROBENZENE [BIS(TRIFLUOROACETOXY)IODO]PENTAFLUOROBENZENE 14353-88-9 C10F11IO4
2-(3,4-DIFLUOROPHENYL)-1,3-DIOXOLANE 2-(3,4-DIFLUOROPHENYL)-1,3-DIOXOLANE 773101-62-5 C9H8F2O2
N-nitrosoatrazine N-nitrosoatrazine 56525-09-8 C8H13ClN6O
1,4-DIBROMO-2,5-DI(BUTOXY)BENZENE 1,4-DIBROMO-2,5-DI(BUTOXY)BENZENE 128915-84-4 C14H20Br2O2
(Bromomethyl)boronic Acid Pinacol Ester (Bromomethyl)boronic Acid Pinacol Ester 166330-03-6 C7H14BBrO2
6-Bromo-4-chloro-1H-indazole 6-Bromo-4-chloro-1H-indazole 885518-99-0 C7H4BrClN2
TRANS,TRANS-4-(3,4-DIFLUOROPHENYL)-4''-PENTYLBICYCLOHEXYL TRANS,TRANS-4-(3,4-DIFLUOROPHENYL)-4''-PENTYLBICYCLOHEXYL 118164-51-5 C23H34F2
2,2,3-TRIMETHYLPENTANE 2,2,3-TRIMETHYLPENTANE 564-02-3 C8H18
4-(4-Chlorophenyl)piperidine 4-(4-Chlorophenyl)piperidine 26905-02-2 C11H14ClN
Ethyl 2-bromo-6-methylbenzoate Ethyl 2-bromo-6-methylbenzoate 1243389-08-3 C10H11BrO2
1,3-dibromo-5-tert-butylbenzene 1,3-dibromo-5-tert-butylbenzene 129316-09-2 C10H12Br2
1,4-DIBROMO-2-CHLOROBENZENE 1,4-DIBROMO-2-CHLOROBENZENE 3460-24-0 C6H3Br2Cl
INDOLAROME INDOLAROME 18096-62-3 C11H12O2
DIBROMODICHLOROMETHANE DIBROMODICHLOROMETHANE 594-18-3 CBr2Cl2
METHYL 3,5-DIHYDROXYBENZOATE METHYL 3,5-DIHYDROXYBENZOATE 2150-45-0 C8H8O4
4-FLUOROPHENYLZINC BROMIDE 4-FLUOROPHENYLZINC BROMIDE 181705-93-1 C6H4BrFZn
4-Chlorodiphenylmethane 4-Chlorodiphenylmethane 831-81-2 C13H11Cl
1-CHLORO-4-ISOCYANOBENZENE 1-CHLORO-4-ISOCYANOBENZENE 1885-81-0 C7H4ClN
N-OCTYLBENZENE N-OCTYLBENZENE 2189-60-8 C14H22
trans-1,2-DiMethylcyclopentane trans-1,2-DiMethylcyclopentane 822-50-4 C7H14
3-CHLORO BENZOTRICHLORIDE 3-CHLORO BENZOTRICHLORIDE 2136-81-4 C7H4Cl4
1-Chloro-8-fluorooctane 1-Chloro-8-fluorooctane 593-14-6 C8H16ClF
5-DIMETHYLAMINONAPHTHALENE-1-SULFONYL AZIRIDINE 5-DIMETHYLAMINONAPHTHALENE-1-SULFONYL AZIRIDINE 51908-46-4 C14H16N2O2S
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