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50-23-7
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???(??):
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Hydrocortisone
???(??):
CORTISOL;HC;HYDROCORTISONE BASE;HYDROCORTISONEACETATE;H-Cort;Hytone;Epicort;Cortril;Cetacort;Eldecort
CBNumber:
CB9756715
???:
C21H30O5
??? ??:
362.47
MOL ??:
50-23-7.mol
MSDS ??:
SDS

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211-214 °C(lit.)
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166 º (c=1, C2H5OH 25 ºC)
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414.06°C (rough estimate)
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1.0812 (rough estimate)
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1.6120 (estimate)
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220°C
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-20°C
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H2O: 100 mg/mL
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??????(pH)
5.0- 7.0
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non-animal source
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319.7mg/L(25℃)
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220 ºC
Merck
14,4787
BRN
1354819
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LogP
1.610
CAS ??????
50-23-7(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST
Hydrocortisone(50-23-7)
EPA
Hydrocortisone (50-23-7)
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  • ?? ? ?? ??
  • ?? ? ???? ?? (GHS)
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?? ???? ?? 62-63
????? 36/37
WGK ?? 3
RTECS ?? GM8925000
TSCA Yes
HS ?? 29372100
?? ?? ??? 50-23-7(Hazardous Substances Data)
?? LD50 subcutaneous in mouse: > 500mg/kg
???? ?? KE-34304
????(GHS): GHS hazard pictograms
?? ?: Danger
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?? ??·?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? ?? ?? P- ??
H373 ??? ?? ?? ???? ??(??, ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??)? ??? ??? ? ?? ?? ???? ?? - ?? ?? ?? 2 ?? P260, P314, P501
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P202 ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???.
P260 ??·?·??·???·??·...·????? ???? ???.
P280 ????/???/???/?????? ?????.
P308+P313 ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??· ??? ????.
P405 ???? ?????.
P501 ...? ??? / ??? ?? ???.
NFPA 704
1
2 0

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crystalline white powder

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Cortisol, or Hydrocortisone, is a steroid hormone, more specifically a glucocorticoid, produced by the zona fasciculata of the adrenal gland. Cortisol is released in response to stress and a low level of blood glucocorticoids. Its primary functions are to increase blood sugar through gluconeogenesis; suppress the immune system; and aid in fat, protein and carbohydrate metabolism.

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ChEBI: A C21-steroid that is pregn-4-ene substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 20 and hydroxy groups at positions 11, 17 and 21. Cortisol is a corticosteroid hormone or glucocorticoid produced by zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex, which is a part of the adrenal gland. It is usually referred to as the "stress hormone" as it is involved in response to stress and anxiety, controlled by corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH). It increases blood pressure and blood sugar, and reduces immun responses

Indications

Hydrocortisone (Cortizone, Cortaid, Anusol-HC, Hytone, LactiCare-HC, Sarnol HC, Penecort, Texacort, and many other branded products) may be purchased as a generic drug.

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Hydrocortisone, 11β,17,21-trihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione, is the primary natural GCin humans. Despite the large number of synthetic GCs, hydrocortisone,its esters, and its salts remain a mainstay ofmodern adrenocortical steroid therapy and the standard forcomparison of all other GCs and MCs . It isused for all the indications mentioned previously.

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Cortisol Increases (1) protein catabolism (excepting liver) gluconeogenesis; (2) carbohydrate anabolism (liver); (3) blood sugar; (4) glucose absorption; (5) brain excitation; (6) spread of infections; (7)urinary glucose and nitrogen; (8) stress tolerance; (9) lactation; (10) water diuresis.
Regulates general adaptation syndrome, water balance, blood pressure, and hormone release.
Decreases (1) fat anabolism; (2) growth rate; (3) inflammation; (4) eosinophils; (5) lymphocytes; (6) antigen sensitivity; (7) respiratory quotient; (8) ketosis; (9) wound healing; (10) skin pigmentation; (11)RBC hemolysis.

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Hydrocortisone is the principal glucocorticoid hor- mone produced by the adrenal cortex and is used topi- cally or systemically. It belongs to the allergenic A group. Marker of allergy is tixocortol pivalate.

Mechanism of action

Hydrocortisone exhibits anti-shock, anti-allergy, and anti-inflammatory action. It raises sugar content in the blood, increases potassium secretion, and lowers sodium excretion from the body. It exhibits anti-metabolic action and reduces histamine synthesis in the body.

Clinical Use

Hydrocortisone is endogenous, and it has both glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid activity. It is the fundamental structure by which the glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid activities of all other corticosteroids are judged. Functional groups that are essential for both mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid activity include the pregnane skeleton with an all-trans backbone, the ring A-en-one system (?4 -3-one ring A) and the 17β-ketol side chain (C-20-keto-C-21-hydroxy). The glucocorticoid activity is enhanced by the C-11 and C-17 hydroxyl groups. Hydrocortisone can be used to treat severe asthmatic attacks that do not respond to conventional treatment. It is available as various ester forms.

Safety Profile

Poison by

Purification Methods

Recrystallise hydrocortisone from EtOH or isoPrOH. It is bitter tasting and has UV with max at 242 nm (log 4.20). Its solubility at 25o is: H2O (0.28%), EtOH (1.5%), MeOH (0.62%), Me2CO (0.93%), CHCl3 (0.16%), propylene glycol (1.3%) and Et2O (0.35%). It gives an intense green colour with conc H2SO4. [Wendler et al. J Am Chem Soc 72 5793 1950, Beilstein 8 IV 3422.]

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