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Sodium benzoate

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??? ?? ??? (sodium benzoate)? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?????. ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????. ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ? ? ????. ??? ?? ???? ? ???? ?? ???? ?????.

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? (1) ?? : ? ?? 1g? ? 5mL? ?? ?, ? ?? ??????? ??.

??(2) ??? ? ????? : ? ?? 2g? ?? 20mL? ??? ???????? 2?? ? 0.1N ?? 0.2mL? ?? ?, ????? ??. ? ?? 0.1N ???????? 0.4mL? ?? ?, ??? ????? ??.

??(3) ????? : ? ?? 0.5g ? ???? 0.8g? ?????? ?? ???? 2.5mL? ??? ? ?? 100℃?? ??? ??, ?? 「????」? ???? (2)? ?? ????. ??, ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? 0.8g, ????? ?? 22.5mL? ??.

??(4) ??? : ? ?? 0.2g? ?? ?? 100mL? ?? ? 40mL? ? ??? ???? ???? 2.5mL? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ?, ? ?? 0.01N ?? 0.5mL? ???? ? ????? ??.

??(5) ???? : 「????」? ???? (3)? ?? ????.

??(6) ?? : ? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?, ? ?? 4.0ppm ????? ??..

??(7) ? : ? ?? 5.0g? ??? ??????? ?? ?????????????? ?? ??? ?, ? ?? 2.0ppm ????? ??.

??(8) ?? : ? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?, ? ?? 1.0ppm ????? ??.

??(9) ????? : ? ?? 0.5g? ??? ????????? ?? ??? ? ? ?? ?????? Q?? ????? ?? ??.

??(10) ???? ?? ?? : ? 100mL? ?? 1.5mL? ??? ???? 0.1N ????????? ??? 30?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ? ? ?? ? ?? 1g? ??? ? 70℃?? 0.1N ?????????? ??? 15?? ??? ??? ??? ?, ? ?? 0.5mL ????? ??.

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? ? ??? ??? ?? ? 1.5g? ??? ?? 300mL ????? ?? ? 25mL? ??? ?? ? ??? 75mL ? ??????? 5??? ??? 0.5N ???? ????. ??? ??? ????? ? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??.

0.5N ?? 1mL ＝ 72.06mg C₇H₅NaO₂

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Sodium benzoate has the chemical formula NaC₇H₅O₂; it is a widely used food preservative, with E number E211. It is the sodium salt of benzoic acid and exists in this form when dissolved in water. It can be produced by reacting sodium hydroxide with benzoic acid.

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Sodium benzoate is a white crystalline solid. It is odorless and nonflammable

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Benzoic acid occurs naturally in many plants and in animals. The salt is not found to occur naturally.

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sodium benzoate is a non-toxic, organic salt preservative that is particularly effective against yeast, with some activity against molds and bacteria. It is generally used in concentrations of 0.1 to 0.2 percent.

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Produced by the neutralization of benzoic acid with sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate or sodium hydroxide.

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Sodium benzoate is prepared by adding benzoic acid to a hot concentrated solution of sodium carbonate until effervescence ceases. The solution is then evaporated, cooled and allowed to crystallize or evaporate to dryness, and then granulated.

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sodium benzoate: An either colourlesscrystalline or white amorphouspowder, C₆H₅COONa, soluble inwater and slightly soluble in ethanol.It is made by the reaction of sodiumhydroxide with benzoic acid and isused in the dyestuffs industry and asa food preservative. It was formerlyused as an antiseptic.

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Sodium benzoate is a sodium salt of benzoic acid, that is freely soluble in water compared to benzoic acid. It is generally used as an antimicrobial preservative in cosmetics, food, and pharmaceuticals.
Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards.

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Use in foods limited to 0.1%.

Pharmaceutical Applications

Sodium benzoate is used primarily as an antimicrobial preservative in cosmetics, foods, and pharmaceuticals. It is used in concentrations of 0.02–0.5% in oral medicines, 0.5% in parenteral products, and 0.1–0.5% in cosmetics. The usefulness of sodium benzoate as a preservative is limited by its effectiveness over a narrow pH range.
Sodium benzoate is used in preference to benzoic acid in some circumstances, owing to its greater solubility. However, in some applications it may impart an unpleasant flavor to a product. Sodium benzoate has also been used as a tablet lubricant at 2–5% w/w concentrations. Solutions of sodium benzoate have also been administered, orally or intravenously, in order to determine liver function.

Safety Profile

Poison by subcutaneous and intravenous routes. Moderately toxic by ingestion, intramuscular, and intraperitoneal routes. An experimental teratogen. Experimental reproductive effects. Mutation data reported. Larger doses of 8-10 g by mouth may cause nausea and vomiting. Small doses have little or no effect. Combustible when exposed to heat or flame. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Na2O. See also BENZOIC ACID.

Safety

In combination with ascorbic acid (vitamin C, E300), sodium benzoate and potassium benzoate form benzene, a known carcinogen. However, in most beverages that contain both, the benzene levels are below those considered dangerous for consumption. Heat, light and shelf life can affect the rate at which benzene is formed.

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Sodium benzoate is used as a food and feed additive, flavor, packaging material; pharmaceutical; preservative for food products and tobacco; anti-fungal agent; antiseptic, rust, and mildew inhibitor; intermediate in the manufacture of dyes. Used as a human hygiene biocidal product.

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Aqueous solutions may be sterilized by autoclaving or filtration. The bulk material should be stored in a well-closed container, in a cool, dry place.

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UN2811 Toxic solids, organic, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical Name Required.

Purification Methods

Crystallise it from EtOH (12mL/g). [Beilstein 9 IV 27.]

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Dust may form explosive mixture with air. Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides.

Regulatory Status

GRAS listed. Accepted as a food additive in Europe. Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (dental preparations; IM and IV injections; oral capsules, solutions and tablets; rectal; and topical preparations). Included in nonparenteral medicines licensed in the UK. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients.

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