過(guò)マンガン酸カリウム 化學(xué)特性,用途語(yǔ),生産方法
外観
紫黒色又は緑黒色, 結(jié)晶?結(jié)晶性粉末
溶解性
水に可溶 (5.3g/100ml水, 15℃), アセトン, メタノールに可溶。水に溶けやすい。水にやや溶けやすく、水溶液は紫紅色である。
解説
過(guò)マンガン酸カリウム緑色光沢のある赤紫色結(jié)晶。空気中で安定。約 200℃で分解し，酸素を発生する。比重 2.70。水に易溶，アセトン，アルコールに少し溶ける。アルカリ，有機(jī)物により容易に分解。塩酸と反応し塩素を発生する。濃硫酸によりしばしば爆発が起り危険。酸化剤として広範(fàn)な用途があり，過(guò)マンガン酸カリウム滴定 (酸化還元滴定 ) ，有機(jī)合成，殺菌，漂白などに広く用いられている。
用途
日本薬局方のおける酸化還元容量分析用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)液。
用途
酸化剤, 水銀分析前処理剤。
用途
汎用試薬、酸化還元滴定用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)液調(diào)製原料。
用途
還元性物質(zhì)の定量分析(容量分析)
用途
汎用試薬、調(diào)製液の原料、醫(yī)薬品研究用。
用途
サッカリン製造、醫(yī)薬品
用途
窒素酸化物測(cè)定用の酸化液調(diào)製用。
用途
高感度比色分析及び高感度機(jī)器分析のおける酸化剤。
用途
過(guò)マンガン酸カリウムの用途：酸化剤、漂白剤、醫(yī)薬、分析用試薬。
効能
外皮用殺菌消毒薬
特徴
BaSO4と同形
商品名
過(guò)マンガン酸カリウム (健栄製薬); 過(guò)マンガン酸カリウム (山善製薬); 過(guò)マンガン酸カリウム (日興製薬)
確認(rèn)試験
本品の水溶液(1→100)は過(guò)マンガン酸塩の定性反応を呈する．
定量法
本品を乾燥し，その約0.6gを精密に量り，水に溶かし
正確に200mLとし，試料溶液とする．0.05mol/Lシュウ酸液
25mLを500mLの三角フラスコ中に正確に量り，薄めた硫酸
(1→20)200mLを加え，液溫を30～35℃とし，試料溶液をビ
ュレットに入れ，穏やかに振り混ぜながら，その23mLを速
やかに加え，液の赤色が消えるまで放置する．次に55～
60℃に加溫し，30秒間持続する赤色を呈するまで，徐々に
滴定する．
0.05mol/Lシュウ酸液1mL＝3.161mg KMnO
4
純度試験
(１) 水不溶物 本品を粉末とし，その2.0gを水200mLに
溶かし，質(zhì)量既知のガラスろ過(guò)器(G4)を用いてろ過(guò)し，不溶
物を洗液が無(wú)色となるまで水で洗い，105℃で2時(shí)間乾燥す
るとき，その量は4mg以下である．
(２) ヒ素 本品0.40gを水10mLに溶かし，硫酸
1mLを加え，過(guò)酸化水素(30)を滴加して完全に脫色した後，
砂浴上でほとんど蒸発し，殘留物を水5mLに溶かす．これ
を検液とし，試験を行うとき，次の標(biāo)準(zhǔn)色より濃くない．
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)色：水10mLに硫酸1mL及び検液の調(diào)製と同量の過(guò)酸
化水素(30)を加え，砂浴上でほとんど蒸発し，ヒ素標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
液2.0mL及び水を加えて5mLとし，以下検液の試験と
同様に操作する(5ppm以下)．
貯法
容器 気密容器．
乾燥減量
0.5％以下(1g，シリカゲル，18時(shí)間)．
説明
Potassium permanganate, is composed of dark purple, odorless crystals with a blue metallic sheen. It is soluble in water, decomposes at 465°F (240°C), and is a powerful oxidizing material. Potassium permanganate is a dangerous fire and explosion risk in contact with organic materials. Potassium permanganate is incompatible with sulfuric acid, glycerin, and ethylene glycol. The four-digit UN identification number is 1490. The primary uses of potassium permanganate are as an oxidizer, bleach, or dye; during radioactive decontamination of the skin; and in the manufacture of organic chemicals.
化學(xué)的特性
Potassium permanganate is a dark purple crystalline solid with a sweet taste that decompose at 240°C and explode in contact with oxidizable materials.Used as a disinfectant and analytical reagent, in dyes,bleaches,and medicines,and as a chemical intermediate.
物理的性質(zhì)
Dark purple rhombohedral crystal; density 2.703 g/cm
3; stable in air;decomposes at about 240°C; moderately soluble in cold water, 6.38 g/100mL at 20°C, soluble in hot water, 25 g/100mL at 65°C; decomposed by alcohol, acetone and many organic solvents causing their oxidation; also decomposed by concentrated acids.
使用
Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) is a dark purple-bluish sheen crystal with a slightly sweet
taste. It is produced by oxidizing manganate in an electrolytic cell or by passing carbon dioxide
through a hot solution of manganate and then cooling until permanganate crystals form. It is
a strong oxidizing agent, particularly with organic matter, which makes it a good disinfectant,
deodorizer, bleach, and antiseptic.
定義
potassium permanganate: A compound,KMnO
4, forming purple crystalswith a metallic sheen, soluble inwater (intense purple solution), acetone,and methanol, but decomposedby ethanol; r.d. 2.70; decompositionbegins slightly above 100°C and iscomplete at 240°C. The compound isprepared by fusing manganese(IV)oxide with potassium hydroxide toform the manganate and electrolysingthe manganate solutionusing iron electrodes at about 60°C.An alternative route employs productionof sodium manganate by a similarfusion process, oxidation withchlorine and sulphuric acid, thentreatment with potassium chloride tocrystallize the required product.Potassium manganate(VII) is widelyused as an oxidizing agent and as adisinfectant in a variety of applications,and as an analytical reagent.
製造方法
Potassium permanganate is produced from manganese ore containing at least 60% manganese dioxide, MnO
2. The finely ground ore is mixed with 50%potassium hydroxide and heated at about 350°C in rotary kilns. This converts manganese dioxide to potassium manganate:
MnO
22+ 4KOH + O
2→2K
2MnO
4+ 2H
2O
Potassium manganate obtained above is oxidized to the permanganate either by electrolysis or by chemical oxidation. Electrolytic oxidation is more common. Electrolytic cells have cathodes made of iron rods and nickel-plated anodes. Potassium manganate melt is extracted with water prior to its elec-trolysis and then electrolyzed at a cell voltage of 2.3V and current of about 1,400 amp. Permanganate is produced at theanode and water is reduced to gaseous hydrogen and hydroxyl ions at the cathode:
2K
2MnO
44+ 2H
2O →2KMnO
4+ 2KOH + H
2.
適応癥
Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) is an oxidizing agent that is rapidly rendered
inactive in the presence of organic material. The oxidizing action of the chemical
is purportedly responsible for its germicidal activity. It is also an astringent and a fungicide. This preparation stains the skin and clothing, and undissolved
crystals will cause a chemical burn. It is used less commonly now (primarily
as an antifungal agent) and may be little better than water as a wet dressing.
A 1:4,000 to 1:16,000 dilution is used on weeping or denuded surfaces (one
crushed 65-mg tablet dissolved in 250 to 500 mL; one 330-mg tablet dissolved
in 1,500 mL to 3,000 mL). For use as a medicated bath, 8 g (approximately 2
tsp) should be dissolved in 200 L (a full bathtub) of water to produce about a
1:25,000 dilution. Skin stains may be removed with a weak solution of oxalic
acid or sodium thiosulfate.
一般的な説明
A purplish colored crystalline solid. Noncombustible but accelerates the burning of combustible material. If the combustible material is finely divided the mixture may be explosive. Contact with liquid combustible materials may result in spontaneous ignition. Contact with sulfuric acid may cause fire or explosion. Used to make other chemicals and as a disinfectant.
空気と水の反応
Soluble in water.
反応プロフィール
Potassium permanganate is a very powerful oxidizing agent, particularly in acidic surroundings. Reacts with incandescence with aluminum carbide [Mellor 5:872. 1946-47]. Grinding with antimony or arsenic causes ignition of the metals [Mellor 12:322. 1946-47]. Mixtures with acetic acid or acetic anhydride may explode if not kept cold [Von Schwartz 1918. p. 34]. Explosions can occur when acidified solutions come in contact with benzene, carbon disulfide, diethyl ether, ethyl alcohol, petroleum, or organic matter. Contact with glycerol may produce an explosion [Pieters 1957. p. 30]. Contact with concentrated hydrogen peroxide solution can produce an explosion [Haz. Chem. Data 1973. p. 230]. Contact with solid hydroxylamine produces an immediate white flame [Mellor 8:294. 1946-47]. Transport through a polypropylene tube ignited the tube [MCA Case History 1842. 1972]. Mixing with concentrated sulfuric acid in a vessel containing moisture caused an explosion (due to formation of manganese heptoxide) [Delhez 1967].
危険性
Dangerous fire and explosion risk in contact
with organic materials, powerful oxidizing agent.
健康ハザード
Burns and stains the skin dark brown. If ingested will cause severe distress of gastro-intestinal system. May be fatal if over 4 oz. are consumed.
火災(zāi)危険
Behavior in Fire: May cause fire on contact with combustibles. Containers may explode.
工業(yè)用途
This is a crystalline substance with a deep purple color, extremely soluble in water
(60 g/L). At a temperature above 200 °C, KMnO4 decomposes according to the following
reaction:
2KMnO4 +Heat?
K
2MnO
4 + MnO
2 + O
2Potassium permanganate has a depressing effect on most sulfide minerals including
sphalerite, pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite. It has been used to depress pyrrhotite and arsenopyrite
in a pyrite flotation alkaline circuit. Studies were carried out on the depression of copper
in copper–molybdenite separation with promising results. There is very little known
about the depressing action of KMnO
4 in relation to pH.
職業(yè)ばく露
Potassium permanganate is used
in solutions as a disinfectant, topical antibacterial agent;
deodorizer, bleaching agent; and in air and water
purification.
輸送方法
UN1490 Potassium permanganate, Hazard Class:
5.1; Labels: 5.1-Oxidizer.
合成方法
軟マンガン鉱を水酸化カリウムとともに酸化雰囲気で加熱処理し，水溶性のマンガン（Ⅵ）酸カリウムにして水で浸出し，浸出液を電解酸化
純化方法
Crystallise it from hot water (4mL/g at 65o), then dry it in a vacuum desiccator over CaSO4. Phillips and Taylor [J Chem Soc 4242 1962] cooled an aqueous solution of KMnO4, saturated at 60o, to room temperature in the dark, and filtered it through a No.4 porosity sintered-glass filter funnel. The solution was allowed to evaporate in air in the dark for 12hours, and the supernatant liquid was decanted from the crystals, which were dried as quickly as possible with filter paper.
不和合性
Potassium permanganate is a powerful
oxidizing agent, that is, it will initiate a fire or explosion if
brought into contact with reducing materials; combustibles,
organic materials; strong acids; or oxidizable solid, liquid
or gas; glycerin, ethylene glycol; polypropylene, hydroxyl-
amine, hydrogen trisulfide; antimony, arsenic, sulfuric acid;
hydrogen peroxide; phosphorus, and any finely divided
combustible material. It will decompose, and release
oxygen, if brought into contact with heat, alcohol, acids,
ferrous salts; iodides and oxalates.
廃棄物の処理
React with reducing agent,
neutralize and flush to sewer
參考文獻(xiàn)
G.J. Palenik, Inorg. Chem., 6, 503 (1967), DOI: 10.1021/ic50049a015.
過(guò)マンガン酸カリウム 上流と下流の製品情報(bào)
原材料
準(zhǔn)備製品
8-ブロモオクタン酸
2-アミノピリジン-3-カルボン酸エチル
6-フルオロピコリン酸
4-CHLORO-1H-PYRAZOLE-3-CARBOXYLIC ACID
3-(トリフルオロメチル)-1H-ピラゾール-5-カルボン酸
硫酸亜鉛一水和物
4-オキソ-3,4-ジヒドロフタラジン-1-カルボン酸
4,6-DIMETHOXYPYRIMIDINE-2-CARBOXYLIC ACID
BLEACHEDSTARCH
フタラゾン
スルバクタム
ケリダム酸一水和物
6-フルオロニコチン酸
6-(ACETYLAMINO)-2-PYRIDINECARBOXYLIC ACID
6-アセトアミドニコチン酸
2-ブロモイソニコチン酸 臭化物
1H-ベンズイミダゾール-2-カルボン酸
3-シアノ安息香酸
4-Pyridinecarbonyl chloride, 2-fluoro- (9CI)
ビス塩素酸マグネシウム
3-メチルピラジン-2-カルボン酸
イソニコチン酸ヒドラジド
ブロモテレフタル酸
6-ACETAMIDO-3-BROMOPICOLINIC ACID
4-IODO-1 H-PYRAZOLE-3-CARBOXYLIC ACID
Fast red base KL
6-BROMOMETHYL-2-PYRIDINECARBOXYLIC ACID
フラン-2,5-ジカルボン酸
ピペロニル酸
4-ニトロイソフタル酸
3,5-ジメチル-1-ヒドロキシメチルピラゾール
6-(METHYLTHIO)PYRIDINE-3-CARBOXYLIC ACID
4-ブロモ-1H-ピラゾール-3-カルボン酸
4-ブロモ-2-ピリジンカルボン酸メチル
2-ブロモニコチン酸
3,5-ピラゾールジカルボン酸ジエチル
(2E,4E,6E,8E,10E,12E,14E,16E)-2,6,11,15-テトラメチル-17-(2,6,6-トリメチル-1-シクロヘキセニル)-2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16-ヘプタデカオクタエナール
2-FLUOROPYRIDINE-5-CARBONYL CHLORIDE
6-(アセチルアミノ)ニコチン酸メチル