2,2',2''-Nitrilotriethanol Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
FARBLOSE VISKOSE HYGROSKOPISCHE FLüSSIGKEIT ODER KRISTALLE MIT CHARAKTERISTISCHEM GERUCH.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Schwache Base. Reagiert mit Oxidationsmitteln. Zersetzung beim Verbrennen unter Bildung giftiger und ?tzender Rauche mit Stickstoffoxiden.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV: 5 mg/m?(als TWA); (ACGIH 2005).
MAK nicht festgelegt.
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den K?rper durch Inhalation des Aerosols.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Verdampfung bei 20°C vernachl?ssigbar; eine gesundheitssch?dliche Partikelkonzentration in der Luft kann jedoch beim Dispergieren schnell erreicht werden.
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION: Die Substanz reizt die Augen, die Haut und die Atemwege.
WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION
Wiederholter oder andauernder Kontakt kann zu Hautsensibilisierung führen.
LECKAGE
Ausgelaufene Flüssigkeit in abgedeckten Beh?ltern sammeln. Dann mit viel Wasser wegspülen.
R-S?tze Betriebsanweisung:
R36/37/38:Reizt die Augen, die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.
R36:Reizt die Augen.
S-S?tze Betriebsanweisung:
S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
S39:Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
S36:DE: Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung tragen.
Beschreibung
Triethanolamine is a viscous, colourless/pale yellow liquid with a weak ammoniacal odour. Triethanolamine is incompatible with copper, copper alloys, galvanised iron, acids, and oxidisers. Reports indicate that in India itself, as many as six companies manufacture triethanolamine and it is manufactured by many different countries around the world. Global production and industrial application of triethanolamine is very extensive.
In industries, triethanolamine is used as a corrosion inhibitor in metal-cutting fluids; a curing agent for epoxy and rubber polymers; a copper–triethanolamine; in emulsifiers, thickeners, and wetting agents in the formulation of consumer products such as cosmetics, detergents, shampoos, and other personal products; and a neutraliser-dispersing agent in agricultural herbicide formulations. In brief, triethanolamine has wide applications as a corrosion inhibitor, a surface-active agent, and an intermediate in various products including metalworking fluids, oils, fuels, paints, inks, cement, cosmetic, and personal products and formulations of algicides and herbicides.
Chemische Eigenschaften
Triethanolamine is a pale yellow and viscous liquid. It is hygroscopic with an irritant and ammoniacal odor. There are multiple industrial and domestic applications for this compound, i.e., in the manufacture of toilet products, cosmetics formulations, solvents for waxes, resins, dyes, paraffi ns and polishes, herbicides, and lubricants for textile products. In the pharmaceutical industry, triethanolamine is used as a non-steroidal, antiinfl ammatory agent, an emulsifi er, and an alkylating agent.
Verwenden
Triethanolamine is used primarily as a surfactant, reducing the surface tension between two media. It is also used as a general emulsifier for preparations, such as ones involving drug penetration ass
ays.
Definition
ChEBI: Triethanolamine is a tertiary amino compound that is ammonia in which each of the hydrogens is substituted by a 2-hydroxyethyl group. It has a role as a buffer and a surfactant. It is a tertiary amino compound, a triol and an amino alcohol. It is functionally related to a triethylamine. It is a conjugate base of a triethanolammonium.
synthetische
Triethanolamine is prepared commercially by the ammonolysis of ethylene oxide. The reaction yields a mixture of monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, and triethanolamine, which are separated to obtain the pure products.
Vorbereitung Methode
Triethanolamine is produced with ethanolamine and diethanolamine by ammonolysis
of ethylene oxide and the triethanolamine is then separated by distillation
(Mullins 1978). In 1984, 139.6 million pounds of triethanolamine were produced
in the United States (USTIC 1985).
Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO)
Trolamine is widely used as an emulsifier in combination with
fatty acids in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. The World Health Organization is not aware of restrictive action having been taken elsewhere.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
Oily liquid with a mild ammonia odor. Denser than water. Freezing point is 71°F.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Water soluble.
Reaktivit?t anzeigen
Triethanolamine is an aminoalcohol. Neutralize acids to form salts plus water in exothermic reactions. Amines may be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. Flammable gaseous hydrogen is generated in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides. Reacts violently with strong oxidants. [Handling Chemicals Safely 1980. p. 928].
Health Hazard
Exposures to triethanolamine, in contrast with other chemical compounds, is known to cause low toxicity to animals and the acute oral LD50 to rats and guinea pigs ranges from 8000 to 9000 mg/kg. Triethanolamine was found to be a moderate eye irritant. A 5%–10% solution of triethanolamine did not induce skin irritation or skin sensitization. Studies of Inoue et al. and many other workers have indicated the absence of the mutagenic potential of triethanolamine as evidenced by both in vivo and in vitro studies (Salmonella typhimurium tests, Chinese hamster ovary cells, and rat liver chromosome analysis). Further, extensive studies have demonstrated the absence of potential carcinogenicity of triethanolamine in rats and mice, suggesting a low or lack of acute or chronic toxicity of the chemical to mammals.
Brandgefahr
Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Poisonous gases, such as NOx, may be produced
Chemische Reaktivit?t
Reactivity with Water No reaction; Reactivity with Common Materials: No reactions; Stability During Transport: Stable; Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Dilute with water; Polymerization: Not pertinent; Inhibitor of Polymerization: Not pertinent.
Pharmazeutische Anwendungen
Triethanolamine is widely used in topical pharmaceutical formulations,
primarily in the formation of emulsions.
When mixed in equimolar proportions with a fatty acid, such as
stearic acid or oleic acid, triethanolamine forms an anionic soap
with a pH of about 8, which may be used as an emulsifying agent to
produce fine-grained, stable oil-in-water emulsions. Concentrations
that are typically used for emulsification are 2–4% v/v of
triethanolamine and 2–5 times that of fatty acids. In the case of
mineral oils, 5% v/v of triethanolamine will be needed, with an
appropriate increase in the amount of fatty acid used. Preparations
that contain triethanolamine soaps tend to darken on storage.
However, discoloration may be reduced by avoiding exposure to
light and contact with metals and metal ions.
Triethanolamine is also used in salt formation for injectable
solutions and in topical analgesic preparations. It is also used in sun
screen preparations.
Triethanolamine is used as an intermediate in the manufacturing
of surfactants, textile specialties, waxes, polishes, herbicides,
petroleum demulsifiers, toilet goods, cement additives, and cutting
oils. Triethanolamine is also claimed to be used for the production
of lubricants for the rubber gloves and textile industries. Other
general uses are as buffers, solvents, and polymer plasticizers, and as
a humectant.
Kontakt-Allergie
This emulsifying agent can be contained in many products
such as cosmetics, topical medicines, metalworking cut-
ting fluids, and color film developers. Traces may exist in
other ethanolamines such as monoand diethanolamine.
Contact allergy seems to be rarer than previously thought.
Sicherheitsprofil
Moderately toxic by
intraperitoneal route. Mildly toxic by
ingestion. Liver and kidney damage have
been demonstrated in animals from chronic
exposure. A human and experimental skin
irritant. An eye irritant. Questionable
carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic
data. Combustible liquid when exposed to
heat or flame; can react vigorously with
oxidizing materials. To fight fire, use alcohol
foam, CO2, dry chemical. When heated to
decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx
and CN-.
Sicherheit(Safety)
Triethanolamine is used primarily as an emulsifying agent in a
variety of topical pharmaceutical preparations. Although generally
regarded as a nontoxic material, triethanolamine may cause
hypersensitivity or be irritant to the skin when present in formulated
products. The lethal human oral dose of triethanolamine is
estimated to be 5–15 g/kg body-weight.
Following concern about the possible production of nitrosamines
in the stomach, the Swiss authorities have restricted the use of
triethanolamine to preparations intended for external use.
LD50 (guinea pig, oral): 5.3 g/kg
LD50 (mouse, IP): 1.45 g/kg
LD50 (mouse, oral): 7.4 g/kg
LD50 (rat, oral): 8 g/kg
m?gliche Exposition
Monoethanolamine is widely used in
industry for scrubbing acid gases and in production of
detergents and alkanolamide surfactants; to remove carbon dioxide and hydrogen from natural gas, to remove hydrogen
sulfide and carbonyl sulfide; as an alkaline conditioning
agent; as an intermediate for soaps, detergents, dyes, and
textile agents. Diethanolamine is an absorbent for gases; a
solubilizer for 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D); and
a softener and emulsifier intermediate for detergents. It also
finds use in the dye and textile industry. Triethanolamine is
used as plasticizers, neutralizer for alkaline dispersions;
lubricant additive; corrosion inhibitor; and in the manufacture of soaps, detergents, shampoos, shaving preparations;
face and hand creams; cements, cutting oils, insecticides,
surface active agents; waxes, polishes, and herbicides.
Carcinogenicity
Results of carcinogenicity
studies have been controversial. Hoshino and Tanooka reported that triethanolamine in the diet of mice at levels
of 0.03% or 0.3% caused a significant increase in the
occurrence of tumors, both benign and malignant. Females
showed a 32% increase, mostly of thymic lymphomas. The
increase of all other tumors, in both sexes, was 8.2%. They
also found that triethanolamine reacted with sodium nitrite
to produce N-nitrosodiethanolamine and that the product
caused mutagenesis in bacteria. Maekawa et al.
reported that no carcinogenic activity was found when
given orally to rats in drinking water at concentrations of
1% and 2% for 2 years. However, the dosage to
females was halved after week 69 of treatment owing to
nephrotoxicity. Histological examination of renal damage
in treated animals revealed acceleration of chronic
nephropathy, mineralization of the renal papilla, nodular
hyperplasia of the pelvic mucosa, and pyelonephritis with
or without papillary necrosis. Nephrotoxicity seemed to
affect life span adversely, especially in females. Tumor
incidence and histology were the same in the treated group
as in controls.
Lager
Triethanolamine may turn brown on exposure to air and light.
The 85% grade of triethanolamine tends to stratify below 15℃;
homegeneity can be restored by warming and mixing before use.
Triethanolamine should be stored in an airtight container
protected from light, in a cool, dry place.
See Monoethanolamine for further information.
Versand/Shipping
UN2491 Ethanol
amine or Ethanolamine solutions, Hazard class: 8; Labels: 8-Corrosive material.
l?uterung methode
Shake the amine gently with Linde type 4A molecular sieves for 24hours, filter and fractionate it under a vacuum, and preferably in the presence of N2. Store it in dark stoppered bottles under N2 as it is hygroscopic, and turns brown in air and light. It has a strong ammoniacal odour (like diethanolamine). It is miscible with H2O, MeOH and Me2CO, and its solubilities at 25o in n-heptane, Et2O and *C6H6 are 0.4%, 1.6% and 4.2%, respectively. [See diethanolamine above, Beilstein 4 IV 1524.]
Inkompatibilit?ten
Triethanolamine is a tertiary amine that contains hydroxy groups; it
is capable of undergoing reactions typical of tertiary amines and alcohols. Triethanolamine will react with mineral acids to form
crystalline salts and esters. With the higher fatty acids, triethanolamine
forms salts that are soluble in water and have characteristics
of soaps. Triethanolamine will also react with copper to form
complex salts. Discoloration and precipitation can take place in the
presence of heavy metal salts.
Triethanolamine can react with reagents such as thionyl chloride
to replace the hydroxy groups with halogens. The products of these
reactions are very toxic, resembling other nitrogen mustards.
Waste disposal
Controlled incineration; incinerator equipped with a scrubber or thermal unit to reduce
nitrogen oxides emissions
Regulatory Status
Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (rectal, topical,
and vaginal preparations). Included in nonparenteral medicines licensed in the UK. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable
Non-medicinal Ingredients.
2,2',2''-Nitrilotriethanol Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
Emulsifier FM
softener 101
water proofing agent 703
amidoaminosurfactans
ureaformaldelyde resin UF
antistatic Agent P
3-Chloropyrazine-2-carbonitrile
alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphoric monoester ethanolamine
lauryl polyoxyethylene ether triethanol amine salt
dodecyl phenyl ammonium sulfate
cationic fatliquor agent Z-2
LY 171883
2-[Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethylstearat
Water treatment agent POE
Concrete antifreeze
2,8,9-Trioxa-5-aza-1-borabicyclo[3.3.3]undecan
Cutting liquor,synthetic
hydrogen peroxide stabilizer C-75
ribonucleic acid for injection
antimony pentoxide sol
polyurethae finishes PUC series
antistatic Agent TM
Antifoaming agent DEF
1,4-Bis(trichlormethyl)benzol
NS-01 silicone modified polyurethane water proof an dluster agent
tri-isopropanlamiue polyoxypropyleal polyoxy-ethylene ether
Spining lubricant agent
nonylphenyl polyoxyethylene ether sulfate triethanolamine
Antifreeze
Sulfonated oil DAH
2'-Methoxyacetoacetanilid
Benzododeciniumchlorid
amidoamino acid
Triethyl oleic soap
Imazethapyr
Trimethylolmelamine Resin
softener D3
[[2,2',2''-Nitrilotris[ethanolato]](3-)-N,O,O',O'']bor
synthetic tanning anent PA
METHYL 7-AMINOTHIENO[2,3-B]PYRAZINE-6-CARBOXYLATE
