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Spironolacton

Spironolactone Struktur
52-01-7
CAS-Nr.
52-01-7
Bezeichnung:
Spironolacton
Englisch Name:
Spironolactone
Synonyma:
Spirolactone;Osyrol;Dira;ALDACTONE;Spironolac;Altex;Osiren;sc9420;Acelat;Aldace
CBNumber:
CB9743463
Summenformel:
C24H32O4S
Molgewicht:
416.58
MOL-Datei:
52-01-7.mol

Spironolacton Eigenschaften

Schmelzpunkt:
207-208 °C (lit.)
alpha 
-37 º (c=1, CHCl3)
Siedepunkt:
504.87°C (rough estimate)
Dichte
1.1061 (rough estimate)
Brechungsindex
-36 ° (C=1, CHCl3)
storage temp. 
2-8°C
L?slichkeit
Practically insoluble in water, soluble in ethanol (96 per cent).
Aggregatzustand
Powder
Farbe
White to yellow-white
Wasserl?slichkeit
practically insoluble
Merck 
14,8760
BCS Class
2,4,3
LogP
2.780
CAS Datenbank
52-01-7(CAS DataBase Reference)
IARC
3 (Vol. Sup 7, 79) 2001
NIST chemische Informationen
Spironolactone(52-01-7)
EPA chemische Informationen
Spironolactone (52-01-7)
Sicherheit
  • Risiko- und Sicherheitserkl?rung
  • Gefahreninformationscode (GHS)
Kennzeichnung gef?hrlicher T,Xn,Xi
R-S?tze: 60-40-36/37/38
S-S?tze: 53-22-36/37/39-45-36-26
WGK Germany  3
RTECS-Nr. TU4725000
TSCA  Yes
HS Code  29321900
Giftige Stoffe Daten 52-01-7(Hazardous Substances Data)
Toxizit?t LD50 in rats, mice, rabbits (mg/kg): 790, 360, 870 i.p. (IARC, 1980)
Bildanzeige (GHS) GHS hazard pictograms
Alarmwort Achtung
Gefahrenhinweise
Code Gefahrenhinweise Gefahrenklasse Abteilung Alarmwort Symbol P-Code
H360 Kann die Fruchtbarkeit beeintr?chtigen oder das Kind im Mutterleib sch?digen. Fertility (Fruchtbarkeit) Kategorie 1 Achtung GHS hazard pictogramssrc="/GHS08.jpg" width="20" height="20" />
Sicherheit
P201 Vor Gebrauch besondere Anweisungen einholen.
P280 Schutzhandschuhe/Schutzkleidung/Augenschutz tragen.
P308+P313 BEI Exposition oder falls betroffen: ?rztlichen Rat einholen/?rztliche Hilfe hinzuziehen.

Spironolacton Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden

R-S?tze Betriebsanweisung:

R60:Kann die Fortpflanzungsf?higkeit beeintr?chtigen.
R40:Verdacht auf krebserzeugende Wirkung.
R36/37/38:Reizt die Augen, die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.

S-S?tze Betriebsanweisung:

S53:Exposition vermeiden - vor Gebrauch besondere Anweisungen einholen.
S22:Staub nicht einatmen.
S36/37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung,Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn m?glich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
S36:DE: Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung tragen.
S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.

Chemische Eigenschaften

White to Off White Solid

Verwenden

Spironolactone, an aldosterone-, and competitive androgen-receptor-antagonist and 5-alpharductase- inhibitor, indicated for the treatment of androgen dependent hirsutism, ideally in doses of 50 to 200 mg per day accompanying the intake of oral contraceptives with the same seven day break in between. Side effects concerning the length of the menstrual cycle, the increase of blood pressure or potassium levels may occur. Spironolactone is the number one drug in the treatment of hirsutism in the US (Farquhar et al., 2003). In other countries the prescription of spironolactone for the treatment of hirsutism may be off-label.

Definition

ChEBI: A steroid lactone that is 17alpha-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and an alpha-acetylsulfanyl group at position 7.

Indications

Spironolactone (Aldactone) is a compound originally developed as a mineralocorticoid antagonist and is used as a diuretic and antihypertensive agent. However, at high doses spironolactone binds to the androgen receptor. In clinical practice it is a weak androgen antagonist used to treat hirsutism in women by blocking testosterone binding to androgen receptors in hair follicles. Use of spironolactone in women for the treatment of hirsutism or male pattern baldness can result in elevated serum potassium levels; these levels should be checked within 1 month of starting the medication.

Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO)

Spironolactone, an aldosterone antagonist, has been widely used for over 25 years in the treatment of hypertension and in the management of refractive oedema. Evidence that long-term administration of high doses are tumorigenic in the rat has recently led to restriction of its use by some national regulatory authorities although the significance of this finding with respect to clinical use is not certain. In 1987 spironolactone was transferred from the main list to the complementary list of the WHO Model List of Essential Drugs. (See also WHO comments for canrenone and potassium canrenoate). (Reference: (WHODI) WHO Drug Information, 2(1), , 1988)

Biologische Funktion

Spironolactone (Aldactone) is structurally related to aldosterone and acts as a competitive inhibitor to prevent the binding of aldosterone to its specific cellular binding protein. Spironolactone thus blocks the hormone-induced stimulation of protein synthesis necessary for Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion. Spironolactone, in the presence of circulating aldosterone, promotes a modest increase in Na+ excretion associated with a decrease in K+ elimination. The observations that spironolactone is ineffective in adrenalectomized patients and that the actions of spironolactone can be reversed by raising circulating al-dosterone blood levels (surmountable antagonism) support the conclusion that spironolactone acts by competitive inhibition of the binding of aldosterone with receptor sites in the target tissue. Spironolactone acts only when mineralocorticoids are present.

Allgemeine Beschreibung

Spironolactone, 7α-(acetylthio)-17α-hydroxy-3-oxopregn-4-ene-3-one-21-carboxylic acidγ-lactone (Aldactone) is an aldosterone antagonist of greatmedical importance because of its diuretic activity.

Hazard

Questionable carcinogen.

Biologische Aktivit?t

Competitive mineralocorticoid (aldosterone) receptor antagonist that exhibits antihypertensive activity in vivo . Also displays antiandrogen activity and inhibits steroid hormone biosynthesis.

Mechanism of action

Spironolactone is a potassium sparing diuretic that has a different mechanism of action than other drugs of this class. It is a competitive antagonist of aldosterone, and its action is most effective when the level of circulated aldosterone in the organism is high.

Pharmakologie

Spironolactone (Aldactone) is the only diuretic that has been shown in a double-blind multicenter prospective clinical trial to improve survival in CHF. The addition of spironolactone to digitalis and an angiotensinconverting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor significantly improved survival among patients with chronic severe heart failure.
Spironolactone competitively inhibits the binding of aldosterone to cytosolic mineralocorticoid receptors in the epithelial cells in the late distal tubule and collecting duct of the kidney. Aldosterone enhances salt and water retention at the expense of enhanced renal K and H excretion. Spironolactone enhances diuresis by blocking sodium and water retention while retaining potassium. An obvious potential side effect is hyperkalemia, which is aggravated by the potassium-retaining properties of the ACE inhibitors. The likely concomitant use of the loop diuretic furosemide, which depletes K , dictates careful monitoring of serum potassium to avoid life-threatening rhythm disturbances.
There is also evidence for the existence of mineralocorticoid receptors on cardiac myocytes. This raises the intriguing possibility that spironolactone could mediate important direct effects on the myocardium in CHF.

Clinical Use

Spironolactone has been used clinically in the following conditions:
1. Primary hyperaldosteronism. Used as an aid in preparing patients with adrenal cortical tumors for surgery.
2. Hypokalemia. Used in patients with low serum K+ resulting from diuretic therapy with other agents. Its use should be restricted to patients who are unable to supplement their dietary K+ intake or adequately restrict their salt intake or who cannot tolerate orally available KCl preparations.
3. Hypertension and congestive heart failure. Although spironolactone may be useful in combination with thiazides, the latter remain the drugs of first choice. Fixed-dose combinations of spironolactone and a particular thiazide (e.g., Aldactazide) generally offer no therapeutic advantage over either component given separately and tend to restrict the ability of the clinician to determine the optimal dosage of each drug for a particular patient.
4. Cirrhosis and nephrotic syndrome. Spironolactone is a mild diuretic and may be useful in treating the edema that occurs in these two clinical conditions, that is, when excessive K+ loss is to be avoided.

Nebenwirkungen

Serum electrolyte balance should be monitored periodically, since potentially fatal hyperkalemia may occur,especially in patients with impaired renal function or excessive K+ intake (including the K+ salts of coadministered drugs, e.g., potassium penicillin). Spironolactone can induce hyponatremia and in cirrhotic patients, metabolic acidosis.A variety of gastrointestinal disturbances may accompany spironolactone administration. These include diarrhea, gastritis, gastric bleeding, and peptic ulcers. Spironolactone is contraindicated in patients with peptic ulcers. Spironolactone may also cause elevated blood urea nitrogen, drowsiness, lethargy, ataxia, confusion, and headache. Gynecomastia and menstrual irregularity in males and females, respectively, can occur. Painful gynecomastia (directly related to dosage level and duration of therapy), which is generally reversible, may necessitate termination of therapy. Animal studies demonstrating tumorigenic potential support the clinical judgment that spironolactone alone or in combination should not be used for most patients who require diuretic therapy and its unnecessary use should be avoided.

Sicherheitsprofil

Poison by intraperitoneal route. Human reproductive effects by ingestion and possibly other routes: men, impotence and breast development; women, menstrual cycle changes or disorders, changes in the breasts and lactation. An experimental teratogen. Other experimental reproductive effects. Other human systemic effects by ingestion: agranulocytosis, kidney tubule damage, increased urine volume, and changes in blood sodium and calcium levels. Questionable carcinogen. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of SOx,. Used to treat hypertension, edema of congestive heart failure, cirrhosis, and kidney failure. 0

Stoffwechsel

Spironolactone is poorly absorbed after oral administration and has a delayed onset of action; it may take several days until a peak effect is produced. It has a somewhat slower onset of action than triamterene and amiloride (discussed later), but its natriuretic effect is modestly more pronounced, especially during long-term therapy. Spironolactone is rapidly and extensively metabolized, largely to the active metabolite canrenone. Canrenone and potassium canrenoate, its K+ salt, are available for clinical use in some countries outside the United States. Canrenone has a half-life of approximately 10 to 35 hours.The metabolites of spironolactone are excreted in both the urine and feces. New selective aldosterone receptor antagonists (SARA), such as eplerenone, have been developed but have not yet been introduced into clinical practice. Eplerenone and canrenone exhibit fewer steroidlike side effects (gynecomastia, hirsutism).

Spironolacton Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte

Upstream-Materialien

Downstream Produkte


Spironolacton Anbieter Lieferant Produzent Hersteller Vertrieb H?ndler.

Global( 500)Lieferanten
Firmenname Telefon E-Mail Land Produktkatalog Edge Rate
APOLLO HEALTHCARE RESOURCES
+6596580999
sales@apollo-healthcare.com.sg Singapore 399 58
Jinan Qinmu Fine Chemical Co.,Ltd.
+8618660799346
sales@qinmuchem.com China 1009 58
Hebei Kangcang new material Technology Co., LTD
+8615713292910
Nancy@kangcang.com.cn China 341 58
Hebei Mojin Biotechnology Co., Ltd
+86 13288715578 +8613288715578
sales@hbmojin.com China 12825 58
Henan Bao Enluo International TradeCo.,LTD
+86-17331933971 +86-17331933971
deasea125996@gmail.com China 2472 58
Hangzhou Hyper Chemicals Limited
+86-0086-57187702781 +8613675893055
info@hyper-chem.com China 295 58
hebei hongtan Biotechnology Co., Ltd
+86-86-1913198-3935 +8617331935328
sales03@chemcn.cn China 970 58
Beijing Cooperate Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd
010-60279497
sales01@cooperate-pharm.com CHINA 1803 55
Henan Tianfu Chemical Co.,Ltd.
+86-0371-55170693 +86-19937530512
info@tianfuchem.com China 21639 55
Hefei TNJ Chemical Industry Co.,Ltd.
+86-0551-65418679 +8618949832763
info@tnjchem.com China 2986 55

52-01-7(Spironolacton)Verwandte Suche:


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  • Diatensec
  • Duraspiron
  • Euteberol
  • icacidlactone
  • Lacalmin
  • Lacdene
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  • mma-lactoneacetate
  • Nefurofan
  • Osiren
  • Pregn-4-ene-21-carboxylic acid, 7-(acetylthio)-17-hydroxy-3-oxo-, gamma-lactone, (7alpha,17alpha)-
  • Sagisal
  • SC 15983
  • SC 9420
  • sc15983
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  • Spironolactone A
  • spironolactonea
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  • antisterone
  • Spironolactonum
  • Spironolactone Antisterone、ALDACTONE
  • Sprionolactone
  • 7a-Acetylthio-3-oxo-17a-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone
  • (7a,7a)-7-(Acetylthyo)-17-hydroxy-3-oxopregn-4-one-21-carboxylic Acid g-Lactone
  • Adactone
  • 4-pregnen-21-oic acid-17α-ol-3-one-7α-thiol γ-lactone 7- acetate
  • SPIRONOLACTONE,USP
  • SPIRONOLACTONE(RG)
  • (7a,7a)-7-(Acetylthyo)-17-hydroxy-3-oxopregn-4-one-21-carboxylic Acid -Lactone
  • SPIRONOLACTONE extrapure
  • 7α-(Acetylthio)-17α-hydroxy-3-oxopregn-4-ene-21-carboxylic acid γ-lactone, 4-Pregnen-21-oic acid-17α-ol-3-one-7α-thiol γ-lactone 7-acetate
  • 3-(3-Oxo-7a-acetylthio-17b-hydroxy-4-androsten-17a-yl)propionic acid-g-lactone
  • 3'-(3-Oxo-7a-acetylthio-17b-hydroxyandrost-4-en-17a-yl)-propionic acid lactone
  • Pregn-4-ene-21-carboxylic acid, 7-(acetylthio)-17-hydroxy-3-oxo-, g-lactone, (7a,17a)-
  • (7α,17R)-7-(Acethylthio)-17-hydroxy-3-oxopregn-4-ene-21-carboxylic acid γ-lactone
  • (7α,17R)-7-(Acetylthio)-17-hydroxy-3-oxopregn-4-ene-21-carboxylic acid γ-lactone
  • (7α,7α)-7-(Acetylthyo)-17-hydroxy-3-oxopregn-4-one-21-carboxylic Acid γ-Lactone
  • 7α-Acetylthio-3-oxo-17α-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone
  • Spironolactone,99%
  • (7α,17α)-7-(Acetylthio)-17-hydroxy-3-oxopregn-4-ene-21-carboxylicacidγ-lactone
  • Spironolactone (125 mg)
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