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Praziquantel

Praziquantel Struktur
55268-74-1
CAS-Nr.
55268-74-1
Englisch Name:
Praziquantel
Synonyma:
Drontal;biltricide;Cesol;Azinox;droncit;WarMnil;Prazinon;pyquiton;Distocide;Cysticide
CBNumber:
CB8178956
Summenformel:
C19H24N2O2
Molgewicht:
312.41
MOL-Datei:
55268-74-1.mol

Praziquantel Eigenschaften

Schmelzpunkt:
136-138 C
Siedepunkt:
1377℃
Dichte
1.1209 (rough estimate)
Brechungsindex
1.5600 (estimate)
Flammpunkt:
>110°(230°F)
storage temp. 
Sealed in dry,Store in freezer, under -20°C
L?slichkeit
ethanol: soluble5mg/mL
Aggregatzustand
powder or crystals
pka
-0.98±0.20(Predicted)
Farbe
Crystals from EtOAc/hexane
Wasserl?slichkeit
Freely soluble in ethanol or dichloromethane. Slightly soluble in water
Merck 
13,7802
BRN 
761557
BCS Class
2
EPA chemische Informationen
Praziquantel (55268-74-1)
Sicherheit
  • Risiko- und Sicherheitserkl?rung
  • Gefahreninformationscode (GHS)
Kennzeichnung gef?hrlicher F,C
R-S?tze: 11-34
S-S?tze: 16-26-36/37/39-45-24/25
WGK Germany  1
RTECS-Nr. UQ4150000
HS Code  29339900
Toxizit?t LD50 in mice, rats (mg/kg): 2000-3000 orally; >3000 s.c. (Muermann)
Bildanzeige (GHS) GHS hazard pictograms
Alarmwort Warnung
Gefahrenhinweise
Code Gefahrenhinweise Gefahrenklasse Abteilung Alarmwort Symbol P-Code
H412 Sch?dlich für Wasserorganismen, mit langfristiger Wirkung. Langfristig (chronisch) gew?ssergef?hrdend Kategorie 3 P273, P501
Sicherheit
P273 Freisetzung in die Umwelt vermeiden.

Praziquantel Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden

R-S?tze Betriebsanweisung:

R11:Leichtentzündlich.
R34:Verursacht Ver?tzungen.

S-S?tze Betriebsanweisung:

S16:Von Zündquellen fernhalten - Nicht rauchen.
S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
S36/37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung,Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn m?glich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).

Beschreibung

Praziquantel (PZQ) is an isoquinoline derivative with most of the biological activity found in the levo enantiomer. The compound has no activity against nematodes, but it is highly effective against cestodes and trematodes.

Chemische Eigenschaften

White Solid

Verwenden

Praziquantel is a potent anthelmintic used against schistosome and many cestode infestations. It is used to study voltage-gated Ca2+ channels and is a potential small molecule neurogenic.

Indications

The neuromuscular effects of praziquantel (Biltricide) appear to increase parasite motility leading to spastic paralysis. The drug increases calcium permeability through parasite-specific ion channels, so that the tegmental and muscle cells of the parasite accumulate calcium.This action is followed by vacuolization and the exposure of hitherto masked tegmental antigens, lipidanchored protein, and actin. Insertion of the drug into the fluke’s lipid bilayer causes conformational changes, rendering the fluke susceptible to antibody- and complement-mediated assault.

Acquired resistance

There is evidence that resistance to praziquantel is emerging in schistosomes, although there is debate as to whether treatment failures are due to resistance or innate tolerance.

Pharmazeutische Anwendungen

A synthetic pyrazinoquinoline formulated for oral administration. It is stable in the dry state, but hygroscopic.

Mechanism of action

Praziquantel is readily absorbed (80% in 24 hours) after oral administration, with serum concentrations being maximal in 1 to 3 hours; the drug has a half-life of 0.8 to 1.5 hours. Its bioavailability is reduced by phenytoin or carbamazepine and increased by cimetidine. Dexamethasone decreases plasma praziquantel levels by 50%. Praziquantel is excreted by the kidneys.

Pharmakokinetik

Oral absorption: >80%
Cmax 50 mg/kg oral: 1 mg/L after 1–2 h
Plasma half-life: parent drug: 1–1.5 h
metabolites: 4–6h
Plasma protein binding: 80%
Praziquantel is rapidly absorbed when given orally, but it undergoes extensive first-pass biotransformation and the concentration of unchanged drug in plasma is low. The major metabolite, a 4-hydroxy derivative, retains little to no antiparasitic activity. About 80% of the oral dose, as parent drug and its metabolites, is excreted in the urine by the fourth day post-treatment, 90% of this in 24 h. A higher peak plasma concentration is achieved in infected people, but other pharmacokinetic values are unchanged.

Clinical Use

2-(Cyclohexylcarbonyl)-1,2,3,6,7, 11b-hexahydro-4Hpyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one (Biltricide) is a broadspectrumagent that is effective against various trematodes (flukes). It has become the agent of choice for the treatmentof infections caused by schistosomes (blood flukes).
The drug also provides effective treatment for fasciolopsiasis(intestinal fluke), clonorchiasis (Chinese liver fluke),fascioliasis (sheep liver fluke), opisthorchosis (liver fluke),and paragonimiasis (lung fluke). Praziquantel increases cellmembrane permeability of susceptible worms, resulting inthe loss of extracellular calcium. Massive contractions andultimate paralysis of the fluke musculature occurs, followedby phagocytosis of the parasite.
Following oral administration, about 80% of the doseis absorbed. Maximal plasma concentrations are achievedin 1 to 3 hours. The drug is rapidly metabolized in theliver in the first-pass. It is likely that some of the metabolitesare also active. Praziquantel occurs as a white crystallinesolid that is insoluble in water. It is available as600-mg film-coated tablets. The drug is generally welltolerated.

Nebenwirkungen

Very few side effects have been reported. In the treatment of cerebral cysticercosis the death of cysts in the brain may cause local inflammation and edema, but this usually subsides quickly. Ocular cysticercosis should not be treated with this drug, because parasite destruction in the eye can lead to irreparable lesions. Adverse events seen in the treatment of schistosomiasis, including abdominal pain, nausea, anorexia, diarrhea and mild neurological effects, are almost certainly due to the death and disintegration of the large adult worms.

Sicherheitsprofil

Poison by intraperitoneal route.Moderately toxic by ingestion and other routes. Humanmutation data reported. When heated to decomposition itemits toxic fumes of NOx.

Stoffwechsel

Praziquantel is rapidly absorbed and undergoes hepatic first-pass metabolism. The metabolites are either less active or inactive and consist of hydroxylated compounds. In the serum, the major metabolite appears to be the monohydroxylated 4-hydroxycyclohexylcarboxylate, whereas in the urine, 50 to 60% of the initial PZQ exists as dihydroxylated products.These hydroxylation reactions are catalyzed by CYP2B6 and CYP3A4. The metabolites would be expected to exist in the conjugated form in the urine.
Metabol ism of praziquantel.jpg

Praziquantel Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte

Upstream-Materialien

Downstream Produkte


Praziquantel Anbieter Lieferant Produzent Hersteller Vertrieb H?ndler.

Global( 694)Lieferanten
Firmenname Telefon E-Mail Land Produktkatalog Edge Rate
Hebei ZB Gamay Biological Technology Co.,Ltd
+8617330018573
info@zbvet.net China 247 58
ENBRIDGE PHARMTECH CO., LTD.
+8613812269233
tinayang@enbridgepharm.com China 322 58
Hebei Weibang Biotechnology Co., Ltd
+8615531157085
abby@weibangbio.com China 8810 58
Honest Joy Holdings Limited
0755-36694831 +8613717124449
sale@feiyang.com.cn China 300 58
Hebei Chuanghai Biotechnology Co,.LTD
+86-13131129325
sales1@chuanghaibio.com China 5889 58
Guangzhou Tengyue Chemical Co., Ltd.
+86-86-18148706580 +8618826483838
evan@tyvovo.com China 148 58
Hebei Weibang Biotechnology Co., Ltd
+8615350571055
Sibel@weibangbio.com China 6086 58
Watson Biotechnology Co.,Ltd
+86-18186686046 +86-18186686046
sales01@watsonbiotech.cn China 5841 58
HebeiShuoshengImportandExportco.,Ltd
+86-18532138899 +86-18532138899
L18532138899@163.com China 939 58
Shaanxi Dideu Medichem Co. Ltd
+86-29-81148696 +86-15536356810
1022@dideu.com China 3882 58

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