Nitrofurans Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
Pharmazeutische Anwendungen
Antimicrobial activity requires the 5-nitro group.
Substitutions on the aldehyde at the 2 position produce compounds
with varying activities and pharmacokinetic properties.
They are yellow or orange compounds and are relatively
easy to synthesize. They are poorly soluble in water, but
often dissolve well in solvents
such as dimethyl sulfoxide or
dimethylformamide.
Many nitrofurans have been developed since their antibacterial
activity was discovered in the early 1940s, but few have
survived into medical and veterinary practice. Nitrofurantoin
is the most important, but furazolidone is also widely used in
some countries for non-specific treatment of gastrointestinal
infections.
Nitrofurans are active in vitro against a wide range of
bacteria, including staphylococci, streptococci, enterococci,
corynebacteria, clostridia and many species of enterobacteria. Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and
members of the Proteae tribe are resistant. They are less active
under alkaline conditions.
They are active against strains of Helicobacter pylori that
have acquired resistance to metronidazole, but it is not
clear whether this reflects therapeutic efficacy. Nifurtimox
is one of the few antimicrobial agents with activity against
trypanosomes.
Many nitrofurans are mutagenic, and some are said to
be co-carcinogenic. However, therapeutic use of nitrofurans
over many years has shown no evidence of long-term harmful
effects. Nitrofurans share a class side effect of causing nausea.
They may also bring about hemolysis in patients with a deficiency
of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.
Nitrofurans Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
