Brompentafluorid Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
SCHWACH GELBE BIS FARBLOSE, RAUCHENDE FLüSSIGKEIT MIT STECHENDEM GERUCH.
PHYSIKALISCHE GEFAHREN
Die D?mpfe sind schwerer als Luft.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV: 0,1 ppm (als TWA); (ACGIH 2005). MAK: (als Fluorid) 1 mg/m?(Einatembare Fraktion); Spitzenbegrenzung: überschreitungsfaktor II(4); Hautresorption; Schwangerschaft: Gruppe C (DFG 2006). EG Arbeitsplatz-Richtgrenzwerte: (Anorganische Fluoride) 2.5 mg/m?(als TWA) (EU 2000).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den K?rper durch Inhalation der D?mpfe.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Beim Verdampfen bei 20°C kann sehr schnell eine gesundheitssch?dliche Kontamination der Luft eintreten.
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION: Die Substanz ver?tzt die Augen, die Haut und die Atemwege. ?tzend beim Verschlucken. Inhalation des Dampfes kann zu Lungen?dem führen (s.Anm.). Exposition kann zum Tod führen.
WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION
Kann Fluorose verursachen auf Grund der Bildung von Fluorwasserstoff, s. auch ICSC 0283.
R-S?tze Betriebsanweisung:
R8:Feuergefahr bei Berührung mit brennbaren Stoffen.
R23/24/25:Giftig beim Einatmen, Verschlucken und Berührung mit der Haut.
R34:Verursacht Ver?tzungen.
S-S?tze Betriebsanweisung:
S7/8:Beh?lter trocken und dicht geschlossen halten.
S36/37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung,Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn m?glich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
Chemische Eigenschaften
Bromine pentafluoride is colorless to pale yellow
fuming liquid, with pungent odor. At temperatures above
boiling point this chemical is a colorless gas.
Physikalische Eigenschaften
Colorless to pale yellow liquid; fumes in air; density 2.466 g/mL at 25°C; boils at 40.8°C; decomposes above 460°C; solidifies at -60.5°C; reacts violently with water.
Verwenden
Bromine pentafluoride (BrF5) is very corrosive to the skin and explodes when in contact
with water. It is used as an oxidizer in rocket fuel.
synthetische
Bromine pentafluoride is prepared by fluorination of bromine at 200°C. The reaction is carried out in an iron or copper vessel. The halogens are diluted in nitrogen.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
A colorless, fuming liquid with a pungent odor. Used to make other chemicals and in rockets. Very toxic by inhalation. Corrosive to metals and tissue. Will accelerate the burning of combustible material. If the containers are involved in a fire they may rupture violently and rocket.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Produces corrosive fumes in moist air. Reacts explosively upon contact with water. Very reactive, usually with conflagration [Merck, 11th ed. 1989]. Reaction with water is violent, oxygen being evolved, [Mellor 2 Supp. 1:172 1956].
Reaktivit?t anzeigen
Bromine pentafluoride an oxidizing agent. Is decomposed exothermically by water to hydrofluoric acid and other materials. Reacts with these other hydrogen-containing substances (among others) vigorously enough to cause a fire or explosion: acetic acid, ammonia, benzene, ethanol, hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide, methane, cork, grease paper, wax. Mixtures with acids, halogens, metal halides, metals, nonmetals, or metal oxides at ambient or slightly above ambient temperatures have resulted in violent reaction (nitric acid, sulfuric acid, chlorine, iodine, ammonium chloride, potassium iodide, boron powder, selenium, tellurium, aluminum powder, bismuth, cobalt powder, iron powder, arsenic, nickel powder, chromium trioxide, charcoal, red phosphorus, sulfur dioxide, magnesium oxide. Solutions of acetonitrile and 9% Bromine pentafluoride have been found to decompose violently at ambient temperatures. Mixtures of perchloryl perchlorate and Bromine pentafluoride form shock sensitive explosives. [Bretherick, 5th ed., 1995, p. 640].
Hazard
Corrosive to skin and tissue. Explodes on
contact with water. Eye and upper respiratory tract
irritant.
Health Hazard
Bromine pentafluoride is more active andtoxic than elemental fluorine or bromine tri-fluoride. The liquid is severely corrosive tothe skin. The vapors are highly irritatingto the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes.Exposure to 500 ppm vapor caused gasp ing, swelling of eyelids, cloudiness of thecornea, lacrimation, salivation, and respira tory distress in test animals (ACGIH 1986).A few minutes’ exposure to 100 ppm waslethal to most experimental animals. Chronicexposure can cause nephrosis and hepatosis.Ingestion of a few drops can cause severecorrosion and burn the mouth.
Brandgefahr
Noncombustible liquid; stable to heat, shock,
and electric spark. However, bromine penta-
fluoride is a highly reactive substance. It
reacts explosively with water, producing
toxic and corrosive fumes. It decomposes in
contact with acids, producing toxic fumes of
bromine and fluorine. The reaction is violent,
especially with concentrated nitric or sulfuric
acid.
Bromine pentafluoride reacts violently
with organic materials, such as carboxylic
acids, alcohols, ethers, hydrocarbons, grease,wax, and cellulose. Spontaneous flaming
and/or explosion can occur when mixed with
these or any other organic compound. Reac tions with metals in powder form and/or
upon warming can result in a violent explo sion. Ignition occurs under cold condition.
Violent reactions occur with metal halides,
oxides, and sulfides. Bromide pentafluo ride ignites when mixed with iodine and
explodes with chlorine on heating. Mixtures
of bromine pentafluoride with sulfur, phos phorus, and carbon ignite.
Avoid using water in the case of fire, since
the compound explodes with water. How ever, water may be used from a safe distance
to extinguish a fire involving large amounts
of combustible materials, and to keep the
fire- exposed containers cool. Fires involving
small amounts of combustible material may
be extinguished by CO2 or a dry chemical
(NFPA 1997).
Sicherheitsprofil
A poisonous, corrosive,
and extremely reactive gas. It is a powerful
oxidizer. Will react with water or steam to
produce toxic and corrosive fumes. The
liquefied gas reacts violently with many
organic compounds and some inorganic
compounds. Explodes or ignites on contact
with hydrogen-containing materials (e.g.,
acetic acid, ammonia, benzene, ethanol,
hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide, methane, cork,
grease, paper, wax, chloromethane). Reacts
violently and may i p t e on contact with
acids, halogens, nonmetals, metal hahdes,
metals, oxides, concentrated nitric or sulfuric acids, aluminum powder,
ammonium chloride, antimony, arsenic,
arsenic pentoxide, barium, bismuth, boron
powder, boron trioxide, calcium oxide,
carbon monoxide, charcoal, chlorine,
chromium, chromium trioxide, cobalt
powder, iodine, iodne pentoxide, iridium
powder, iron powder, lithium powder,
manganese, magnesium oxide, molybdenum,
molybdenum trioxide, nickel powder, red
phosphorus, phosphorus pentoxide, selenium, sulfur, sulfur dioxide, tellurium,
tungsten, tungsten trioxide, water, zinc.
When heated to decomposition it emits very
toxic fumes of Fand Br-. See also
BROMINE and FLUORIDES.
m?gliche Exposition
Bromine pentafluoride is used as an
oxidizer in liquid rocket propellant combinations; it may be
used in chemical synthesis.
Versand/Shipping
UN1745 Bromine pentafluoride 5.1; Labels:
5.1—Oxidizer, 6.1—Poison Inhalation Hazard, 8—
Corrosive material, Inhalation Hazard Zone A.
l?uterung methode
Purify it via its KF complex, as described for chlorine trifluoride. [Kwasnik in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry (Ed. Brauer) Academic Press Vol I pp 158-159 1963.] HIGHLY TOXIC.
Inkompatibilit?ten
A powerful oxidizer. Bromine pentafluoride
reacts with every known element except inert gases,
nitrogen, and oxygen. It reacts violently with water, acids,
acid fumes (releasing highly toxic fumes of bromine and
fluorine). Incompatible with halogens, arsenic, selenium,
alkaline halides, sulfur, iodine, glass, metallic halides, metal
oxides, and metals (except copper, stainless steel; nickel,
and Monel). Fire may result from contact with combustibles
or organic matter at room temperature, and contact of this
substance with water produces an explosion. Even under
mild conditions this substance attacks organic compounds
vigorously, often causing explosion. Decomposes in heat
above 460° C.
Waste disposal
Allow gas to flow into mixed
caustic soda and slaked lime solution. Return unwanted
cylinders to supplier if possible.
Brompentafluorid Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
