Fentanyl Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
Chemische Eigenschaften
Pale Brown Solid
Verwenden
Fentanyl is available in a variety of preparations for parenteral, transdermal
and transmucosal (including buccal) administration. Because of high firstpass
metabolism (~70%) it is not given orally. It is approximately 80–100
times more potent than morphine in the acute seing, although it is
approximately 30–40 times as potent when given chronically (e.g. slowrelease
transdermal patches). With transdermal administration, the patch
and underlying dermis act as a reservoir, and plasma concentration does not
reach steady state until approximately 15h after initial application. Plasma
concentration also declines slowly after removal (t1/2 ~15–20 h).
Fentanyl is very lipophilic, with a relatively short duration of action. There
are several new buccal/transmucosal preparations developed for rapid-onset
breakthrough pain. These aim to have a very rapid onset in approximately
10min, although this may not be the case in clinical practice. Fentanyl has a
large VD with rapid peripheral tissue uptake, limiting initial hepatic
metabolism. This may result in significant variability in plasma
concentrations and secondary plasma peaks. It binds to αl-acid glycoprotein
and albumin; 40% of the protein-bound fraction is taken up by erythrocytes.
The lungs may be important in exerting a first-pass effect on fentanyl (up to
75% of the dose), thus buffering the plasma from high peak drug
concentrations.
Definition
ChEBI: The carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
When the 4-phenyl substituent of meperidine was replaced with a 4-aniline with a nitrogen connection, the potency increased. This led to the development of the 4-anilidopiperidine series of compounds. Fentanyl (Sublimaze) was the first compound marketed and was found to be almost 500 times more potent than meperidine. The high lipophilicity of fentanyl gave it a quick onset, and the quick metabolism led to a short duration of action. The combination of potency, quick onset, and quick recovery led to the use of fentanyl as an adjunct anesthetic.
Hazard
Toxic.
Nebenwirkungen
In addition to all of the adverse effects and contraindications
previously described for morphine, the following
contraindications apply specifically to these drugs.
They are contraindicated in pregnant women because
of their potential teratogenic effects. They also can
cause respiratory depression in the mother, which reduces
oxygenation of fetal blood, and in the newborn;
the incidence of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
in the newborn is also increased.
Cardiac patients need to be monitored closely when
receiving these drugs because of their bradycardiac effects
(which can lead to ectopic arrhythmias), and hypotensive
effects resulting from prolonged vasodilation.
In addition, the drugs stiffen the chest wall musculature,
an effect reversed by naloxone.
Sicherheitsprofil
Poison by intraperitoneal routes. Human systemic effects by intravenous route: somnolence, respiratory depression. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx.
Fentanyl Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
