Tetraethylblei Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
FARBLOSE VISKOSE FLüSSIGKEIT MIT CHARAKTERISTISCHEM GERUCH.
PHYSIKALISCHE GEFAHREN
Die D?mpfe sind schwerer als Luft.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Zersetzung beim Erhitzen unter Bildung giftiger Rauche. Reagiert heftig mit starken Oxidationsmitteln, S?uren und Halogenen. Feuer- und Explosionsgefahr! Greift Gummi und einige Kunststoff- und Beschichtungsarten an.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV: (als Blei) 0.1 mg/m? Hautresorption; Krebskategorie A4 (nicht klassifizierbar als krebserzeugend für den Menschen); (ACGIH 2005).
MAK: (als Blei) 0.05 mg/m? Hautresorption; Spitzenbegrenzung: überschreitungsfaktor II(2); Hautresorption (H); Schwangerschaft: Gruppe B; (DFG 2008).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den K?rper durch Inhalation, über die Haut und durch Verschlucken.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Beim Verdampfen bei 20 °C kann schnell eine gesundheitssch?dliche Kontamination der Luft eintreten.
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION: Die Substanz reizt die Augen, die Haut und die Atmungsorgane. M?glich sind Auswirkungen auf das zentrale Nervensystem mit nachfolgender Bewusstlosigkeit. Exposition in hohen Konzentrationen kann zum Tode führen. ?rztliche Beobachtung notwendig.
WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION
M?glich sind Auswirkungen auf das zentrale Nervensystem. Kann fruchtbarkeitssch?digend oder entwicklungssch?digend wirken.
LECKAGE
Gefahrenbereich verlassen! Fachmann zu Rate ziehen! Belüftung. Ausgelaufene Flüssigkeit in abdichtbaren Beh?ltern sammeln. Reste mit Sand oder inertem Absorptionsmittel aufnehmen und an einen sicheren Ort bringen. Pers?nliche Schutzausrüstung: Vollschutzanzug mit umgebungsluftunabh?ngigem Atemschutzger?t. NICHT in die Umwelt gelangen lassen.
R-S?tze Betriebsanweisung:
R61:Kann das Kind im Mutterleib sch?digen.
R26/27/28:Sehr giftig beim Einatmen, Verschlucken und Berührung mit der Haut.
R33:Gefahr kumulativer Wirkungen.
R50/53:Sehr giftig für Wasserorganismen, kann in Gew?ssern l?ngerfristig sch?dliche Wirkungen haben.
R62:Kann m?glicherweise die Fortpflanzungsf?higkeit beeintr?chtigen.
R38:Reizt die Haut.
R10:Entzündlich.
S-S?tze Betriebsanweisung:
S53:Exposition vermeiden - vor Gebrauch besondere Anweisungen einholen.
S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn m?glich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
S60:Dieses Produkt und sein Beh?lter sind als gef?hrlicher Abfall zu entsorgen.
S61:Freisetzung in die Umwelt vermeiden. Besondere Anweisungen einholen/Sicherheitsdatenblatt zu Rate ziehen.
S36/37:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzkleidung tragen.
S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
Chemische Eigenschaften
colourless to yellow liquid
Physikalische Eigenschaften
Colorless liquid; burns with orange flame with green margin; refractive index 1.5198; density 1.653 g/mL at 20°C; insoluble in water; slightly soluble in ethanol; soluble in benzene, toluene, gasoline, and petroleum ether.
Verwenden
Tetraethyllead is used as an additive to gasolineto prevent knocking in motors. However,because of its high toxicity and the pollutionproblem, its use in gasoline has been drasticallycurtailed.
Vorbereitung Methode
These compounds were, at one time, the major industrial use
of lead and source of environmental pollution of inorganic
lead combustion products. However, the addition of these
compounds to gasoline in the major industrialized countries
of the world has been discontinued because of the use of
catalysts for the control of the amount of nitrogen oxides in
automobile exhaust. Organolead additives are still being
phased out in many underdeveloped countries, although
the United Nations has called for a global phaseout of
lead in gasoline.
synthetische
Lead tetraethyl is prepared by heating ethyl chloride in the presence of a catalyst in an autoclave at 40 to 60°C with an alloy of lead and sodium:
Pb + 4Na + 4C
2H
5Cl → Pb(C
2H
5)
4 + 4NaCl
Also, it can be prepared by the reaction of lead with ethylene and hydrogen in the presence of Ziegler catalyst, triethylaluminum:
Pb + 4C
2H
4 + 2H
2 → Pb(C
2H
5)
4
Definition
ChEBI: An organolead compound consisting of four ethyl groups joined to a central lead atom.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
A colorless liquid with a characteristic odor. Flash point 200°F. Density 14 lb / gal. Insoluble in water. Toxic by inhalation and by skin absorption.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Insoluble in water.
Reaktivit?t anzeigen
TETRAETHYL LEAD decomposes under UV light. Reacts with fats; reacts violently with oxidizing agents, causing fire and explosion hazards. Attacks rubber [Handling Chemicals Safely 1980. p. 890].
Hazard
Toxic by ingestion, inhalation, and skin
absorption. Central nervous system impairment.
Questionable carcinogen.
Health Hazard
Extremely poisonous; may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed, or absorbed from the skin. Contact may cause burns to skin and eyes. Most symptoms of poisoning are due to the effects of tetraethyllead on the nervous system.
Brandgefahr
May explode in fires. Decomposes slowly at room temperature and more rapidly at elevated temperatures.
Sicherheitsprofil
Human poison by an unspecified route. Experimental poison by ingestion, intraperitoneal, intravenous, subcutaneous, and parented routes. Moderately toxic by inhalation and skin contact. Experimental teratogenic and reproductive effects. Questionable carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic data. Mutation data reported. Lead compounds are particularly toxic to the central nervous system. It is a solvent for fatty materials and has some solvent action on rubber as well. The fact that it is a lipoid solvent makes it an industrial hazard because it can cause intoxication not only by inhalation but also by absorption through the skin. Decomposes when exposed to sunlight or allowed to evaporate; forms triethyl lead, which is also a poisonous compound, as one of its decomposition products. May cause elemental lead intoxication by coming in contact with the skin. A combustible liquid when exposed to heat, flame, or oxidizers. Can react vigorously with oxidzing materials. Exposure to air for several days may cause explosive decomposition. To fight fire, use dry chemical, CO2, mist, foam. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Pb. See also LEAD COMPOUNDS.
m?gliche Exposition
Tetraethyl lead is used as a component of antiknock mixes for gas and as an intermediate in making fungicides; Tetraethyl lead (used as an antiknock compound in gasoline) can also contains impurities, such as ethylene dibromide and ethylene dichloride.
Carcinogenicity
A case-control study of former workers in a TEL-producing
plant found a strong association between exposure to the TEL
manufacturing process and rectal cancer (the odds ratio was
3.7 with 90% confidence limits of 1.3–10.2 for the analysis of
ever/never exposed to TEL). An exposure–response relationship
was noted with a fourfold elevation in the odds ratio at
the high–very high cumulative exposure level. Similar results
were obtained for cancers of the sigmoid colon. These results
suggest to the authors that exposure to the TEL manufacturing
process may have played a causal role in the colorectal
cancer findings in this plant. However, IARC in 2006
has included organolead compounds (TEL and TML), with
Lead and its Compounds in Group 3, not classifiable as to its
carcinogenicity to humans.
Versand/Shipping
UN1649 Motor fuel antiknock mixtures, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials.
l?uterung methode
Its more volatile contaminants can be removed by exposure to a low pressure (by continuous pumping) for 1hour at 0o. Purify it by stirring with an equal volume of H2SO4 (d 1.40), keeping the temperature below 30o, repeating this process until the acid layer is colourless. It is then washed with dilute Na2CO3 and distilled water, dried with CaCl2 and fractionally distilled at low pressure under H2 or N2 [Calingaert Chem Rev 2 43 1926]. It prevents “knocking” in petrol combustion engines. [Milde & Beatty Adv Chem Res 23 306-318 1959, Beilstein 4 H 639.] VERY POISONOUS.
Inkompatibilit?ten
Vapors may form explosive mixture with air. A strong reducing agent. Violent reaction with strong oxidizers, sulfuryl chloride; halogens, oils and fats; rust, potassium permanganate. Decomposes slowly in light and at room temperature, and more rapidly at temperatures above 110C. Attacks rubber and some plastics and coatings.
Waste disposal
Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (≥ 100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal. Controlled incineration with scrubbing for collection of lead oxides which may be recycled or land filled. It is also possible to recover alkyl lead compound from wastewaters as an alternative to disposal.
Tetraethylblei Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
