Tetraethylthiuramdisulfid Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
WEISSESBIS GRAUES PULVER MIT CHARAKTERISTISCHEM GERUCH.
PHYSIKALISCHE GEFAHREN
Staubexplosion der pulverisierten oder granulierten Substanz in Gemischen mit Luft m?glich. Die trockene Substanz kann durch Verwirbeln, Druckluft, Flie?en usw. elektrostatisch aufgeladen werden.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Zersetzung beim Verbrennen unter Bildung giftiger und ?tzender Rauche mit Stickstoffoxiden und Schwefeloxiden. Reagiert sehr heftig mit starken Oxidationsmitteln. Greift Kupfer an.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV: (als TWA) 2 mg/m? Krebskategorie A4 (nicht klassifizierbar als krebserzeugend für den Menschen); (ACGIH 2005).
MAK: 2 mg/m? (Einatembare Fraktion) Spitzenbegrenzung: überschreitungsfaktor II(8); Sensibilisierung der Haut; Schwangerschaft: Gruppe D; (DFG 2005).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den K?rper durch Inhalation des Staubes und durch Verschlucken.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Verdampfung bei 20°C vernachl?ssigbar; eine gesundheitssch?dliche Partikelkonzentration in der Luft kann jedoch beim Dispergieren schnell erreicht werden, besonders als Pulver.
WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION
Wiederholter oder andauernder Hautkontakt kann zu Hautsensibilisierung führen. M?glich sind Auswirkungen auf endokrines System, Leber, Nervensystemund Schilddrüse mit nachfolgenden Funktionsst?rungen. Tierversuche zeigen, dass die Substanz m?glicherweise fruchtbarkeitssch?digend oder entwicklungssch?digend wirken kann.
LECKAGE
Verschüttetes Material in Beh?ltern sammeln; falls erforderlich durch Anfeuchten Staubentwicklung verhindern. NICHT in die Umwelt gelangen lassen. Pers?nliche Schutzausrüstung: Atemschutzger?t, P2-Filter für sch?dliche Partikel.
R-S?tze Betriebsanweisung:
R22:Gesundheitssch?dlich beim Verschlucken.
R43:Sensibilisierung durch Hautkontakt m?glich.
R48/22:Gesundheitssch?dlich: Gefahr ernster Gesundheitssch?den bei l?ngerer Exposition durch Verschlucken.
R50/53:Sehr giftig für Wasserorganismen, kann in Gew?ssern l?ngerfristig sch?dliche Wirkungen haben.
S-S?tze Betriebsanweisung:
S24:Berührung mit der Haut vermeiden.
S37:Geeignete Schutzhandschuhe tragen.
S60:Dieses Produkt und sein Beh?lter sind als gef?hrlicher Abfall zu entsorgen.
S61:Freisetzung in die Umwelt vermeiden. Besondere Anweisungen einholen/Sicherheitsdatenblatt zu Rate ziehen.
Beschreibung
Disulfiram was first synthesized in the 1800s to improve the
manufacturing process of rubber. A physician working in
a rubber factory plant first observed in 1937 that factory
workers who were exposed to disulfiram were intolerant to
ethanol. In the 1940s, two scientists rediscovered the disulfiram–
ethanol effects while researching antiparasitic therapies.
This finding eventually led to the approval of the medication to
be used as an ethanol deterrent by the Food and Drug
Administration in 1951.
Chemische Eigenschaften
yellow-white crystals or grey powder
Verwenden
Disulfiram is a copper and zinc chelator and an irreversible inhibitor of aldehyde dehydrogenase (IC50 = 0.1 mM) that has been indicated for the treatment of alcohol dependence. It also inhibits the copper-dependent enzyme dopamine β-hydroxylase, which prevents the breakdown of dopamine and has been considered as a treatment for cocaine dependence. When in complex with copper, disulfiram has been shown to inhibit purified 20S proteasome (IC50 = 7.5 μM) and 26S proteasome (IC50 = 20 μM) from MDA-MB-0231 breast cancer cells. Because disulfiram targets the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, it has been investigated as an anti-cancer agent. Furthermore, at 250 nM it has been shown to induce reactive oxygen species, to activate JNK and p38 pathways, and to inhibit NF-κB activity, which suppresses self-renewal in cancer stem cells.
Definition
ChEBI: An organic disulfide that results from the formal oxidative dimerisation of N,N-diethyldithiocarbamic acid. A multi-enzyme inhibitor that is used in alcohol aversion therapy and also exhibits anticancer properties.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
Odorless or almost odorless white or almost white to tan powder. Unpleasant taste with metallic or garlic aftertaste. pH of a solution obtained by shaking 1 g with 30 mL of water is 6 to 8.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Insoluble in water.
Reaktivit?t anzeigen
Disulfiram is sensitive to light. Disulfiram is incompatible with strong acids, strong oxidizers and nitrosating agents (e.g. N-Nitrosodiphenylamine). .
Hazard
Toxic symptoms when ingested with alcohol;
animal teratogen. Vasodilation and nausea.
Questionable carcinogen.
Health Hazard
Disulfiram affects the central
nervous system, thyroid, and skin; in combination
with alcohol it causes an “Antabusealcohol”
syndrome.
Small doses of disulfiram reportedly can
cause effects on thyroid iodine uptake and
thyroid gland hypertrophy. It may also
produce dermatitis and acneform rashes.
Brandgefahr
Flash point data for Disulfiram are not available; however, Disulfiram is probably combustible.
Biologische Aktivit?t
Inhibitor of aldehyde dehydrogenase that displays antialcoholism activity. Shown to reversibly stimulated Ca 2+ -ATPase activity and inhibit V-ATPase (EC 50 = 26 μ M). Also inhibits expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and displays anti-invasive activity.
Kontakt-Allergie
TETD is a rubber accelerator of the thiuram group, contained in “thiuram mix.” It can cross-react with other thiurams, especially TMTD. TETD is used to aid those trying to break their dependence on alcohol. The disulfiram-alcohol reaction is not allergic but due to the accumulation of toxic levels of acetaldehyde. The implanted drug can, however, lead to local or generalized dermatitis, for example ingested disulfiram, mainly in previously rubber-sensitized patients. As an adjunctive treatment of alcoholism, it caused occupational contact dermatitis in a nurse.
Sicherheitsprofil
A human poison by
ingestion. An experimental poison by
intraperitoneal route. Toxic symptoms when
accompanied by ingestion of alcohol.
Human systemic effects by ingestion:
jaundtce, joint changes. An experimental
teratogen. Other experimental reproductive
effects. Questionable carcinogen with
experimental neoplastigenic data. See also
THIRAM.
Carcinogenicity
In a lifetime carcinogenicity bioassay,
disulfiram was not carcinogenic in either rats
or mice when fed in the diet. The highest
doses were 600 ppm in rats and 2000ppm in
mice.
Increased fetal resorptions, but no teratogenic
effects, were seen in rats exposed at
100mg/kg/day from day 3 of gestation. A weak
genotoxic response was observed in mice
treated in vivo as evidenced by an increase in
sister chromatid exchanges in bone marrow
and spermatogonial cells.9
The 2003 ACGIH threshold limit valuetime-
weighted average (TLV-TWA) is
2mg/m3.
Tetraethylthiuramdisulfid Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
