| Identification | More | [Name]
Calcium cyanamide | [CAS]
156-62-7 | [Synonyms]
Calcium carbimide
CALCIUM CYANAMIDE
CYANAMIDE, CALCIUM DERIVATIVE
CYANAMIDE CALCIUM SALT
aero-cyanamid[qr]
aerocyanamidgranular[qr]
aerocyanamidspecialgrade[qr]
alzodef
alzodef[qr]
calciumcarbimide[qr]
calciumcyanamid
calciumcyanamid[qr]
calciumcyanamide(dot)[qr]
calciumcyanamide,withmorethan0.1%calciumcarbide
calctumcyanamide
ccc[qr]
cyanamid[qr]
cyanamide(non-specificname)
Cyanamide,calciumsalt(1:1)
cyanamide,calciumsalt(1:1)[qr] | [EINECS(EC#)]
205-861-8 | [Molecular Formula]
CCaN2 | [MDL Number]
MFCD00064894 | [Molecular Weight]
80.1 | [MOL File]
156-62-7.mol |
| Chemical Properties | Back Directory | [Appearance]
Calcium cyanamide is a blackish-gray, shiny
crystalline material or powder. | [Melting point ]
>300 °C(lit.)
| [density ]
2.29 | [vapor pressure ]
0.51Pa at 20℃ | [solubility ]
reacts with H2O | [form ]
Powder | [color ]
Gray to dark gray | [Specific Gravity]
2.29 | [Water Solubility ]
insoluble H2O, but undergoes hydrolysis releasing acetylene and ammonia [HAW93] [MER06] | [Sensitive ]
Moisture Sensitive | [Merck ]
1662 | [BRN ]
4124391 | [InChIKey]
QFSRQFUIHVTIDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N | [LogP]
-0.72 at 20℃ | [CAS DataBase Reference]
156-62-7(CAS DataBase Reference) | [EPA Substance Registry System]
156-62-7(EPA Substance) |
| Hazard Information | Back Directory | [Chemical Properties]
Calcium cyanamide is a blackish-gray, shiny
crystalline material or powder. | [Definition]
ChEBI: The calcium salt of cyanamide, formed when calcium carbide reacts with nitrogen | [Uses]
As fertilizer, defoliant, herbicide, pesticide; manufacture of and refining of iron; manufacture of calcium cyanide, melamine, dicyandiamide. | [General Description]
A colorless to gray, odorless solid. May cause illness from ingestion. May irritate the skin. If exposed to water or high temperatures, calcium cyanamide may generate toxic and flammable fumes. Used to make pesticides and in fertilizers. | [Reactivity Profile]
When hydrated CALCIUM CARBIDE generates salts of calcium that are basic and are generally soluble in water. The resulting solutions contain moderate concentrations of hydroxide ions and have pH's greater than 7.0. They react as bases to neutralize acids. These neutralizations generate heat, but less or far less than is generated by neutralization of the bases in reactivity group 10 (Bases) and the neutralization of amines. They usually do not react as either oxidizing agents or reducing agents but such behavior is not impossible. | [Air & Water Reactions]
Depending on the calcium carbide content, the cyanamide reacts with water (moisture from air or soil) to produce acetylene and hydrated calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide. Absorption of water during handling or storage of technical calcium cyanamide may cause explosion [Pieri, M. Chem. Abs. 46, 8335 1952]. | [Hazard]
Fire risk with moisture or combined with
calcium carbide. Skin, eye, and upper respiratory
tract irritant. Questionable carcinogen.
| [Health Hazard]
Inhalation or contact with vapors, substance or decomposition products may cause severe injury or death. May produce corrosive solutions on contact with water. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution. | [Potential Exposure]
Calcium cyanamide is used in agriculture as a fertilizer, herbicide; defoliant for cotton plants;
and pesticide. It is also used in the manufacture of dicyandiamide and calcium cyanide as a desulfurizer in the iron
and steel industry; and in steel hardening. | [Fire Hazard]
Produce flammable gases on contact with water. May ignite on contact with water or moist air. Some react vigorously or explosively on contact with water. May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames. May re-ignite after fire is extinguished. Some are transported in highly flammable liquids. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard. | [First aid]
If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove any
contact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at least
15 minutes, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek
medical attention immediately. If this chemical contacts the
skin, remove contaminated clothing and wash immediately
with soap and water. Seek medical attention immediately.
If this chemical has been inhaled, remove from exposure,
begin rescue breathing (using universal precautions, including resuscitation mask) if breathing has stopped and CPR if
heart action has stopped. Transfer promptly to a medical
facility. When this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention. Give large quantities of water and induce
vomiting. Do not make an unconscious person vomit | [Shipping]
UN1403 Calcium cyanamide with .1% calcium
carbide, Hazard Class: 4.3; Labels: 4.3-Dangerous when
wet material | [Incompatibilities]
Commercial grades of calcium cyanamide may contain calcium carbide; contact with any form
of moisture solutions may cause decomposition, liberating
explosive acetylene gas and ammonia. Incompatible with
oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates,
perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may
cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides. May
polymerize in water or alkaline solutions to dicyanamide.
Contact with all solvents tested also causes decomposition | [Description]
Calcium cyanamide is a blackish-gray, shinycrystalline material or powder. Molecular weight=80.11;Specific gravity (H2O:1)=2.29; Freezing/Melting point 51340℃ (sublimes .1500℃). Hazard Identification (basedon NFPA-704 M Rating System): Health 3, Flammability 1,Reactivity 1. Insoluble in water; reaction. | [Physical properties]
Pure product is a colorless, hexagonal crystal or white powder. Commercial grade material may be grayish-black powder or lump (the color is due to presence of calcium carbide and other impurities); density 2.29 g/cm3; melts around 1,340°C; sublimes around 1,150 to 1,200°C on rapid heating; reacts with water. | [Preparation]
Calcium cyanamide is prepared from calcium carbide. The carbide powder is heated at about 1,000°C in an electric furnace into which nitrogen is passed for several hours. The product is cooled to ambient temperatures and any unreacted carbide is leached out cautiously with water.
CaC2 + N2 → CaCN2 + C (ΔHƒ°= –69.0 kcal/mol at 25°C)
| [Production Methods]
Calcium cyanamide was first produced commercially around
1900 as a fertilizer. The process of making calcium cyanamide
involves three raw materials—coke, coal, and limestone—
plus nitrogen. The limestone (calcium carbonate) is
burned with coal to produce calcium oxide. The calcium
oxide is then allowed to react with amorphous carbon in the
furnace at 2000°C with the formation of calcium carbide
(CaC2). Finely powdered calcium carbide is heated to
1000°C in an electric furnace into which pure nitrogen
is passed. It is then removed and uncombined calcium
carbide removed by leaching. | [Flammability and Explosibility]
Nonflammable | [Agricultural Uses]
Calcium cyanamide (CaCN2) is a dark colored,
granulated material containing around 21 % nitrogen. Its
dark color is due to the presence of calcium carbide.
Calcium cyanamide is produced by heating a mixture
of limestone with coal in a nitrogen atmosphere.
Generally, the process is carried out in three steps. In the
first step, calcium carbonate (limestone) is decomposed
at about 1100°C.
In the second step, calcium oxide (CaO) and coke (or
coal) are heated in an electric furnace to produce calcium
carbide.
The final step involves heating the powdered calcium
carbide at about 1100°C with pure nitrogen (produced by
liquefaction of air and fractional distillation) to produce
calcium cyanamide.
The fertilizer-grade calcium cyanamide contains 21 %
nitrogen, 11 % calcium, 11 % free carbon, 5% oil, 2 to
4% water and oxides of aluminum, iron and silicon. In
the presence of moisture and air, calcium
dicyandiamide (a poisonous compound) is formed. It
distinctly leaves alkalinity in the soil equivalent to 1.3 kg
calcium carbonate (CaCO3) per 0.45 kg of nitrogen
applied. At pH 7 or below, calcium dicyandiamide is
converted into urea and lime within one week of its being
in the soil.
When dry, calcium cyanamide is dusty but it is
generally used as granules. It is poisonous, irritating to
the skin and used as a pesticide, fertilizer and defoliant in
cotton. It is as good a fertilizer as sodium nitrate or
ammonium sulphate, but not as fast acting.
Calcium cyanamide is an excellent weed killer,
especially for tobacco plants, when applied 2 to 3 weeks
before sowing. It is also used for producing melamine,
urea and certain cyanide salts. | [Carcinogenicity]
Calcium cyanamide was weakly mutagenic
in Salmonella typhimurium strain TA1535 and
nonmutagenic in strain TA100. | [storage]
Color Code—Blue: Health Hazard/Poison: Storein a secure poison location. Prior to working with calciumcyanamide you should be trained on its proper handling andstorage. Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, wellventilated area away from moisture. A regulated, markedarea should be established where this chemical is handled,used, or stored in compliance with OSHA Standard1910.1045. |
| Safety Data | Back Directory | [Hazard Codes ]
Xn,F | [Risk Statements ]
R22:Harmful if swallowed.
R37:Irritating to the respiratory system.
R41:Risk of serious damage to eyes.
R15:Contact with water liberates extremely flammable gases. | [Safety Statements ]
S26:In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice .
S39:Wear eye/face protection .
S43:In case of fire, use ... (indicate in the space the precise type of fire-fighting equipment. If water increases the risk add-Never use water) .
S36/37/39:Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection .
S22:Do not breathe dust . | [OEB]
C | [OEL]
TWA: 0.5 mg/m3 | [RIDADR ]
UN 1403 4.3/PG 3
| [WGK Germany ]
2
| [RTECS ]
GS6000000
| [F ]
9-21 | [TSCA ]
Yes | [HazardClass ]
4.3 | [PackingGroup ]
III | [HS Code ]
31029010 | [Safety Profile]
Poison by ingestion,
inhalation, sh contact, intravenous, and
intraperitoneal routes. Moderately toxic to
humans by ingestion. Questionable
carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic
data. Mutation data reported. The fatal dose,
by ingestion, is probably around 20 to 30 g
for an adult. It does not have a cyanide
effect. Calcium cyanamide is not believed to
have a cumulative action. Flammable.
Reaction with water forms the explosive
acetylene gas. When heated to
decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx
and CN-. See also CALCIUM
COMPOUNDS, AMIDES, and
CYANIDE | [Hazardous Substances Data]
156-62-7(Hazardous Substances Data) |
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