| Identification | More | [Name]
Ethanolamine | [CAS]
141-43-5 | [Synonyms]
2-AminoethanoI
2-AMINOETHANOL
2-AMINOETHANOL MONOETHANOLAMINE
2-AMINOETHYL ALCOHOL
2-HYDROXYETHYLAMINE
AURORA KA-7674
B-HYDROXYETHYLAMINE
COLAMINE
ETHYLOLAMINE
GLYCINOL
H-GLYCINOL
H-GLY-OL
LABOTEST-BB LT01409638
MONOETHANOLAMINE
NH2-(CH2)2-OH
RARECHEM AL BW 0485
1-Amino-2-hydroxyethane
2-Amino-1-ethanol
2-Aminoaethanol
2-Aminoathanol | [EINECS(EC#)]
205-483-3 | [Molecular Formula]
C2H7NO | [MDL Number]
MFCD00008183 | [Molecular Weight]
61.08 | [MOL File]
141-43-5.mol |
| Chemical Properties | Back Directory | [Appearance]
Ethanolamines can be detected by odor as low
as 23 ppm. Monoethanolamine is a colorless, viscous liquid or solid (below 111C) with an unpleasant, ammonialike odor | [Melting point ]
10-11 °C(lit.)
| [Boiling point ]
170 °C(lit.)
| [density ]
1.012 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
| [vapor density ]
2.1 (vs air)
| [vapor pressure ]
0.2 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
| [refractive index ]
n20/D 1.454(lit.)
| [Fp ]
200 °F
| [storage temp. ]
Store at RT. | [solubility ]
Soluble in benzene, ether, carbon tetrachloride. | [form ]
Liquid | [pka]
9.5(at 25℃) | [color ]
APHA: ≤15 | [Specific Gravity]
1.012 | [Odor]
ammoniacal odor | [PH]
12.1 (100g/l, H2O, 20℃) | [Relative polarity]
0.651 | [Stability:]
Stable. Flammable; incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids. Hygroscopic. | [biological source]
synthetic | [explosive limit]
3.4-27%(V) | [Water Solubility ]
miscible | [Sensitive ]
Air Sensitive & Hygroscopic | [Merck ]
14,3727 | [BRN ]
505944 | [Henry's Law Constant]
1.61(x 10-10 atm?m3/mol) at 20 °C (Bone et al., 1983) | [Dielectric constant]
31.940000000000001 | [Exposure limits]
TLV-TWA 3 ppm (～7.5 mg/m3) (ACGIH,
MSHA, and OSHA); TLV-STEL 6 ppm
(～15 mg/m3) (ACGIH); IDLH 1000 ppm
(NIOSH). | [Contact allergens]
Monoethanolamine is contained in many products,
such as metalworking fluids. It is mainly an irritant.
Traces may exist in other ethanolamine fluids. | [InChIKey]
HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N | [LogP]
-2.3--1.91 at 25℃ | [CAS DataBase Reference]
141-43-5(CAS DataBase Reference) | [NIST Chemistry Reference]
Ethanolamine(141-43-5) | [EPA Substance Registry System]
141-43-5(EPA Substance) |
| Hazard Information | Back Directory | [Chemical Properties]
Colorless to yellow liquid | [Uses]
Used as buffer; removal of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide from gas mixtures. | [Definition]
ChEBI: A member of the class of ethanolamines that is ethane with an amino substituent at C-1 and a hydroxy substituent at C-2, making it both a primary amine and a primary alcohol. | [General Description]
A clear colorless liquid with an odor resembling that of ammonia. Flash point 185°F. May attack copper, brass, and rubber. Corrosive to tissue. Moderately toxic. Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion. | [Reactivity Profile]
ETHANOLAMINE(141-43-5) is a base. Reacts with organic acids (acetic acid, acrylic acid), inorganic acids (hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, chlorosulfonic acid), acetic anhydride, acrolein, acrylonitrile, cellulose, epichlorohydrin, mesityl oxide, beta-propiolactone, vinyl acetate. Emits toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides when heated to decomposition [Sax, 9th ed., 1996, p. 1498]. | [Air & Water Reactions]
Water soluble with evolution of heat. | [Hazard]
Skin irritant. | [Health Hazard]
Vapor irritates eyes and nose. Liquid causes local injury to mouth, throat, digestive tract, skin, and eyes. | [Potential Exposure]
Monoethanolamine is widely used in
industry for scrubbing acid gases and in production of
detergents and alkanolamide surfactants; to remove carbon dioxide and hydrogen from natural gas, to remove hydrogen
sulfide and carbonyl sulfide; as an alkaline conditioning
agent; as an intermediate for soaps, detergents, dyes, and
textile agents. Diethanolamine is an absorbent for gases; a
solubilizer for 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D); and
a softener and emulsifier intermediate for detergents. It also
finds use in the dye and textile industry. Triethanolamine is
used as plasticizers, neutralizer for alkaline dispersions;
lubricant additive; corrosion inhibitor; and in the manufacture of soaps, detergents, shampoos, shaving preparations;
face and hand creams; cements, cutting oils, insecticides,
surface active agents; waxes, polishes, and herbicides. | [Fire Hazard]
Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Irritating vapors generated when heated. | [First aid]
If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove any
contact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at least
15 minutes, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek
medical attention immediately. If this chemical contacts the
skin, remove contaminated clothing and wash immediately
with soap and water. Speed in removing material from skin
is of extreme importance. Shampoo hair promptly if contaminated. Seek medical attention immediately. If this
chemical has been inhaled, remove from exposure, begin
rescue breathing (using universal precautions, including
resuscitation mask) if breathing has stopped and CPR if
heart action has stopped. Transfer promptly to a medical
facility. When this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention. Give large quantities of water and induce
vomiting. Do not make an unconscious person vomit | [Shipping]
UN2491 Ethanol
amine or Ethanolamine solutions, Hazard class: 8; Labels: 8-Corrosive material. | [Incompatibilities]
Monoethanolamine: This chemical is a
medium-strong base. Reacts violently with strong oxidizers,
acetic acid; acetic anhydride; acrolein, acrylic acid; acrylonitrile, cellulose nitrate; chlorosulfonic acid; epichlorohydrin, hydrochloric acid; hydrogen fluoride; mesityl oxide;
nitric acid; oleum, sulfuric acid; β-propiolactone; and vinyl
acetate. Reacts with iron. May attack copper, aluminum,
and their alloys, and rubber. Di-isomer: Oxidizers, strong
acids; acid anhydrides; halides. Reacts with CO2 in the air.
Hygroscopic (i.e., absorbs moisture from the air). Corrosive
to copper, zinc, and galvanized iron (di-). The aqueous
solution is a medium strong base. Attacks copper, zinc,
aluminum, and their alloys. | [Waste Disposal]
Controlled incineration; incinerator equipped with a scrubber or thermal unit to reduce
nitrogen oxides emissions | [Production Methods]
Monoethanolamine is prepared commercially by the ammonolysis
of ethylene oxide. The reaction yields a mixture of monoethanolamine,
diethanolamine, and triethanolamine, which is separated to
obtain the pure products. Monoethanolamine is also produced from
the reaction between nitromethane and formaldehyde. | [Flammability and Explosibility]
Nonflammable | [Pharmaceutical Applications]
Monoethanolamine is used primarily in pharmaceutical formulations
for buffering purposes and in the preparation of emulsions.
Other uses include as a solvent for fats and oils and as a stabilizing
agent in an injectable dextrose solution of phenytoin sodium.
Monoethanolamine is also used to produce a variety of salts with
therapeutic uses. For example, a salt of monoethanolamine with
vitamin C is used for intramuscular injection, while the salicylate
and undecenoate monoethanolamine salts are utilized respectively
in the treatment of rheumatism and as an antifungal agent.
However, the most common therapeutic use of monoethanolamine
is in the production of ethanolamine oleate injection, which is used
as a sclerosing agent. | [Safety]
Monoethanolamine is an irritant, caustic material, but when it is
used in neutralized parenteral and topical pharmaceutical formulations
it is not usually associated with adverse effects, although
hypersensitivity reactions have been reported. Monoethanolamine
salts are generally regarded as being less toxic than monoethanolamine.
LD50 (mouse, IP): 0.05 g/kg
LD50 (mouse, oral): 0.7 g/kg
LD50 (rabbit, skin): 1.0 g/kg
LD50 (rat, IM): 1.75 g/kg
LD50 (rat, IP): 0.07 g/kg
LD50 (rat, IV): 0.23 g/kg
LD50 (rat, oral): 1.72 g/kg
LD50 (rat, SC): 1.5 g/kg | [Environmental Fate]
Biological. Bridié et al. (1979) reported BOD and COD values of 0.93 and 1.28 g/g using
filtered effluent from a biological sanitary waste treatment plant. These values were determined
using a standard dilution method at 20 °C for a period of 5 d. Similarly, Heukelekian and Rand
(1955) reported a 5-d BOD value of 0.85 g/g which is 65.0% of the ThOD value of 1.31 g/g.
Chemical/Physical. Aqueous chlorination of ethanolamine at high pH produced Nchloroethanolamine,
which slowly degraded to unidentified products (Antelo et al., 1981).
At an influent concentration of 1,012 mg/L, treatment with GAC resulted in an effluent
concentration of 939 mg/L. The adsorbability of the carbon used was 15 mg/g carbon (Guisti et
al., 1974). | [Metabolism]
Animal
Ethanolamine is a naturally occurring constituent in mammalian urine; the excretion
rate is about 1.36 mg/kg/d for rats, 0.91 mg/kg/d for rabbits, and 0.454
mg/kg/d for cats (Luck and Wilcox 1953). It was suggested that deamination of
ethanolamine occurs in vivo, since within 24 h after administration of [15N]-ethanolamine
to rabbits, 40% of the [15N]-label was excreted as urea (Beard and Noe
1981). Sprinson and Weliky (1969) found that labeled ethanolamine was extensively
converted to labeled acetate in rats.
Eight h after intraperitoneal injection of 0.52μmoles of [14C]-ethanolamine in
Wistar rats, 11.5% of the injected dose was recovered as 14C02 (Taylor and
Richardson 1967). At that time, about 50% of the injected radioactivity was found
in the liver, and significant amounts (>2% [14C]/g tissue) were detected in the
spleen and brain. In the liver, greater than 90% of the radioactivity was found in
the lipid fraction; in the kidney, spleen and brain, the per cent in the lipid fraction
was about 60, 30, and 54%, respectively. It was suggested that the main metabolic
pathway for ethanolamine in rats involves its incorporation into phospholipids,
presumably via exchange with serine in phosphatidylserine, resulting in the
formation of phosphatidylethanolamine. The incorporation of [14C]-ethanolamine
into ethanolamine phosphoglycerides in liver, heart and brain has been extensively
studied and is thought to occur via the CDP-ethanolamine pathway or by a base
exchange reaction (Ansell and Spanner 1967; Weinhold and Sanders 1971;
Zelinski and Choy 1982).
Fifty h after topical application of [14C]-ethanolamine to excised pig skin in
vitro (4μg/cm2), greater than 60% of the applied dose was found associated with
the skin (Klain et al 1985). Twenty-four h after dermal application of [14C]-
ethanolamine to athymic nude mice (4μg to 1.45 cm2), 19% of the applied dose
was recovered in expired C02; this value was similar to that obtained after ip
injection of ethanolamine. Radioactivity from [14C]ethanolamine was widely
distributed in the body, with the highest levels found in the liver (26%) and
kidneys (2.2%). Radioactivity was observed in hepatic phospholipids as the
ethanolamine, serine, and choline bases, and in proteins and amino acids isolated
from liver and skin sections. Urinary excretion included radioactive ethanolamine,
urea, glycine, serine, uric acid, and choline. Thus, ethanolamine penetrates mouse
skin and may be oxidized to C02, incorporated into hepatic phospholipids, or
metabolized to amino acids.
Twenty-four h after administration of [14C]-ethanolamine to dogs, total radioactivity
in the blood was 1.69% of the administered dse (Rhodes and Case 1977). Eleven % of the dose was excreted in the urine. The half-life of the persistent low
level of radioactivity in the blood was 19 d.
Human
Ethanolamine is a naturally occurring constituent in human urine, with a mean
excretion rate in males of 0.162 mg/kg/d and in females of 0.491 mg/kg/d (Luck
and Wilcox 1953). [14C]-ethanolamine was topically applied to human skin
grafted onto athymic nude mice at a dose of 4μg to a 1.45 cm2 graft area (Klain et
al 1985). The rate and amount of radioactivity expired as 14C02 was similar to that
described above for mice. Thus, the penetration rates of ethanolamine in human
skin grafts and mouse skin appear to be similar.
| [storage]
Monoethanolamine is very hygroscopic and is unstable when
exposed to light. Aqueous monoethanolamine solutions may be
sterilized by autoclaving.
When monoethanolamine is stored in large quantities, stainless
steel is preferable for long-term storage. Copper, copper alloys, zinc,
and galvanized iron are corroded by amines and should not be used
for construction of storage containers. Ethanolamines readily
absorb moisture and carbon dioxide from the air; they also react
with carbon dioxide. This can be prevented by sealing the
monoethanolamine under an inert gas. Smaller quantities of
monoethanolamine should be stored in an airtight container,
protected from light, in a cool, dry place. | [Toxics Screening Level]
The initial threshold screening level (ITSL) for monoethanolamine (CAS #141-43-5) is 80 μg/m3 with an 8-hour averaging time. | [Regulatory Status]
Included in parenteral and nonparenteral medicines licensed in the
UK and USA. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Nonmedicinal
Ingredients. |
| Safety Data | Back Directory | [Hazard Codes ]
T,C | [Risk Statements ]
R20/21/22:Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed .
R34:Causes burns.
R39/23/24/25:Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed .
R23/24/25:Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed .
R10:Flammable. | [Safety Statements ]
S26:In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice .
S36/37/39:Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection .
S45:In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show label where possible) . | [OEB]
B | [OEL]
TWA: 3 ppm (8 mg/m3), STEL: 6 ppm (15 mg/m3) | [RIDADR ]
UN 2924 3/PG 3
| [WGK Germany ]
1
| [RTECS ]
KJ5775000
| [F ]
8-10-23 | [Autoignition Temperature]
410 °C | [TSCA ]
Yes | [HazardClass ]
8 | [PackingGroup ]
III | [HS Code ]
29221100 | [Safety Profile]
Poison by
intraperitoneal route. Moderately toxic by
ingestion, skin contact, subcutaneous,
intravenous, and intramuscular routes. A
corrosive irritant to skin, eyes, and mucous
membranes. Human mutation data reported.
Flammable when exposed to heat or flame.
A powerful base. Reacts violently with acetic
acid, acetic anhydride, acrolein, acrylic acid,
acrylonitrile, cellulose, chlorosulfonic acid,
epichlorohydrin, HCl, HF, mesityl oxide,
HNO3, oleum, H2SO4, p-propiolactone,
vinyl acetate. To fight fire, use foam, alcohol
foam, dry chemical. When heated to
decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx.
See also AMINES | [Hazardous Substances Data]
141-43-5(Hazardous Substances Data) | [Toxicity]
LD50 orally in rats: 10.20 g/kg (Smyth) | [IDLA]
30 ppm |
| Questions And Answer | Back Directory | [Description]
Ethanolamine is a kind of viscous hygroscopic amino alcohol contains both amine and alcohol chemical groups. It is widely distributed inside the body and is a component of lecithin. It has many kinds of industrial applications. For example, it can be used in the production of agricultural chemicals including ammonia as well as the manufacturing of pharmaceuticals and detergents. It can also be used as a surfactant, fluorimetric reagent and removing agent of CO2 and H2S. In pharmaceutical field, ethanolamine is used as a Vascular Sclerosing agent. It also has antihistaminic property, which alleviates the negative symptoms caused by H1-receptor binding. | [Physical properties]
Monoethanolamine and triethanolamine are viscous, colorless, clear, hygroscopic liquids at room temperature; diethanolamine is a crystalline solid. All ethanolamines absorb water and carbon dioxide from the air and are infinitely miscible with water and alcohols. The freezing points of all ethanolamines can be lowered considerably by the addition of water.
Ethanolamines are used widely as intermediates in the production of surfactants, which have become commercially important as detergents, textile and leather chemicals, and emulsifiers. Their uses range from drilling and cutting oils to medicinal soaps and highquality toiletries.
| [History]
Ethanolamines were prepared in 1860 by Wurtz from ethylene chlorohydrin and aqueous ammonia. It was only toward the end of the 19th century that an ethanolamine mixture was separated into its mono-, di-, and trieth- anolamine components; this was achieved by fractional distillation.
Ethanolamines were not available commercially before the early 1930s; they assumed steadily growing commercial importance as intermediates only after 1945, because of the large-scale production of ethylene oxide. Since the mid-1970s, production of very pure, colorless triethanolamine in industrial quantities has been possible. All ethanolamines can now be obtained economically in very pure form.
The most important uses of ethanolamines are in the production of emulsifiers, detergent raw materials, and textile chemicals; in gas purification processes; in cement production, as milling additives; and as building blocks for agrochemicals. Monoethanolamine is an important feedstock for the production of ethylenediamine and ethylenimine. | [Uses]
Ethanolamine is used as an absorption agent to remove carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide from natural gas and other gases, as a softening agent for hides, and as a dispersing agent for agricultural chemicals. Ethanolamine is also used in polishes, hair waving solutions, emulsifiers, and in the synthesis of surface-active agents (Beyer et al 1983; Mullins 1978; Windholz 1983). Ethanolamine is permitted in articles intended for use in the production, processing, or packaging of food (CFR 1981).
Ethanolamine undergoes reactions characteristic of primary amines and of alcohols. Two industrially important reactions of ethanolamine involve reaction with carbon dioxide or hydrogen sulfide to yield water soluble salts, and reaction with long chain fatty acids to form neutral ethanolamine soaps (Mullins 1978). Substituted ethanolamine compounds, such as soaps, are used extensively as emulsifiers, thickeners, wetting agents, and detergents in cosmetic formulations (including skin cleaners, creams, and lotions) (Beyer et al 1983).
| [Preparation]
Ethanolamine is produced with diethanolamine and triethanolamine by ammonolysis of ethylene oxide; ethanolamine is then separated by distillation (Mullins 1978). | [Occupational Health]
Monoethanolamine is the most strongly basic material in this family and also has the highest vapor pressure. Breathing vapors can be irritating to the respiratory tract. Eye or skin contact can result in serious chemical burns. Diethanolamine is not as serious a hazard as Monoethanolamine, and Triethanolamine is even less so. Work practices should include adequate workplace ventilation to eliminate irritating vapors and proper protective equipment to prevent skin contact with these chemicals. Cover-all eye goggles should be worn whenever there is a chance material may be splashed into the eyes. Contaminated work clothes must not be taken home.If they are reusable, they should be laundered separately and stored in separate lockers from street clothing. | [References]
http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-ethanolamine.htm
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Ethanolamine#section=Top
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