| Identification | More | [Name]
Boron trichloride | [CAS]
10294-34-5 | [Synonyms]
Boron chloride
BORON TRICHLORIDE
BCl3
Borane,trichloro-
Boron chloride (BCl3)
boronchloride(bcl3)
Chlorure de bore
chloruredebore
chloruredebore(french)
trichloro-boran
Trichloroborane
Trichloroboron
trichloro-Boron
Trona boron trichloride
BORON TRICHLORIDE, 1.0M SOLUTION IN HEPT ANE
BORON TRICHLORIDE, 1.0 M SOLUTION IN TO&
BORON TRICHLORIDE, 1.0M SOLUTION IN P-XY LENE
BORON TRICHLORIDE, 10 WT. % SOLUTION IN 2-CHLOROETHANOL
BORON TRICHLORIDE, 1.0M SOLUTION IN DICH LOROMETHANE
BORON TRICHLORIDE, 1.0M SOLUTION IN HEXA NES | [EINECS(EC#)]
233-658-4 | [Molecular Formula]
BCl3 | [MDL Number]
MFCD00011313 | [Molecular Weight]
117.17 | [MOL File]
10294-34-5.mol |
| Chemical Properties | Back Directory | [Appearance]
Boron trichloride is a colorless liquid or liquefied
gas with a pungent, irritating odor. | [Melting point ]
−107 °C(lit.)
| [Boiling point ]
12.5 °C(lit.)
| [density ]
1.326 g/mL at 25 °C
| [vapor density ]
4.05 (vs air)
| [vapor pressure ]
29.72 psi ( 55 °C)
| [Fp ]
84 °F
| [storage temp. ]
2-8°C
| [solubility ]
Miscible with dichloromethane, ethanol, carbon tetrachloride, diethyl ether, dimethyl formamide, aromatic solvents, saturated and halogenated hydrocarbon. | [form ]
Solution | [color ]
White | [Stability:]
Unstable. Incompatible with metals. Reacts violently with water. Reacts vigorously with aniline, phosphine, dinitrogen tetroxide. Fumes in moist air. | [Water Solubility ]
decomposes | [Sensitive ]
Moisture Sensitive | [Merck ]
13,1338 | [Exposure limits]
ACGIH: TWA 50 ppm
OSHA: TWA 25 ppm; STEL 125 ppm
NIOSH: IDLH 2300 ppm | [CAS DataBase Reference]
10294-34-5(CAS DataBase Reference) | [NIST Chemistry Reference]
Borane, trichloro-(10294-34-5) | [EPA Substance Registry System]
10294-34-5(EPA Substance) |
| Hazard Information | Back Directory | [Chemical Properties]
Boron trichloride is a colorless gas with a pungent odor. Boron trichloride reacts violently
with water, and on decomposition and hydrolysis yields hydrochloric and boric acid. It has
a pungent, highly irritating odor. Occupational exposure to boron and boron compounds
can occur in industries that produce special glass, washing powder, soap and cosmetics,
leather, cement, etc. | [General Description]
A colorless gas with a pungent odor. Fumes irritate the eyes and mucous membranes. Corrosive to metals and tissue and is toxic. Under prolonged exposure to fire or intense heat, the containers may rupture violently and rocket. Used as a catalyst in chemical manufacture, in soldering fluxes, and for many other uses. | [Reactivity Profile]
BORON TRICHLORIDE(10294-34-5) vigorously attacks elastomers and packing materials. Contact with Viton, Tygon, Saran and natural and synthetic rubbers is not recommended. Highly corrosive to most metals in the presence of moisture. Reacts energetically with nitrogen dioxide/dinitrogen tetraoxide, aniline, phosphine, triethylsilane, or fat and grease [Mellor 5:132 1946-47]. Reacts exothermically with chemical bases (examples: amines, amides, inorganic hydroxides). | [Air & Water Reactions]
Fumes in air, including moisture in air and soil, to form hydrochloric acid [Merck 11th ed. 1989]. Reacts vigorously with water and forms hydrochloric acid fumes and boric acid. | [Hazard]
Strong irritant to tissue. Fumes are corro-
sive and toxic.
| [Health Hazard]
Strong irritant to tissue. Fumes are corrosive and highly toxic. Boron affects the central nervous system causing depression of circulation as well as shock and coma. May cause severe burns to skin. May result in marked fluid and electrolyte loss and shock. | [Health Hazard]
The fumes of boron trichloride irritate the eyes and mucous membranes. On contact, it
can cause severe skin burns, severe pain, redness, necrosis, and scarring. It is corrosive to
metals and living tissues. On inhalation, boron trichloride causes chemical pneumonitis
and pulmonary edema—a result of exposure to the lower respiratory tract and deep lung.
Occupational workers exposed to boron trichloride show symptoms such as tearing of the
eyes, coughing, labored breathing, excessive salivary and sputum formation leading to
pulmonary malfunction. Boron trichloride is a strong irritant to tissues and its fumes are corrosive and highly toxic. Boron affects the CNS causing depression of circulation as well
as shock and coma.
The signs and symptoms of acute exposure to boron trichloride include salivation,
intense thirst, diffi culty in swallowing, chills, pain, shock, and oral, esophageal, and stomach burns. Ingestion of boron trichloride in work areas leads to circulatory collapse of
the worker. On acute inhalation, boron trichloride result in sneezing, hoarseness, choking, laryngitis, and respiratory tract irritation along with bleeding of the nose and gums,
ulceration of the nasal and oral mucosa, bronchitis, pneumonia, dyspnea, chest pain, and
pulmonary edema. | [Potential Exposure]
Used in refining of aluminum, magnesium,
copper alloys, and in polymerization of styrene.
Manufacture and purification of boron; catalyst in organic
reactions; semiconductors; bonding of iron or steel; purification
of metal alloys to remove oxides, nitrides, and
carbides; chemical intermediate for boron filaments; soldering
flux; electrical resistors; and extinguishing magnesium
fires in heat treating furnaces. | [Fire Hazard]
When heated to decomposition, BORON TRICHLORIDE emits toxic fumes of chlorides. BORON TRICHLORIDE will react with water or steam to produce heat, and toxic and corrosive fumes. In hot water, decomposes to hydrochloric acid and boric acid. Fumes and hydrolyzes in moist air to form hydrochloric acid and oily, irritating corrosives. Avoid aniline, hexafluorisopropylidene amino lithium, nitrogen dioxide, phosphine, grease, organic matter, and oxygen. Nitrogen peroxide, phosphine, fat or grease react energetically with boron trichloride. Oxygen and boron trichloride react vigorously on sparking. Boron trichloride and aniline react violently in the absence of a coolant or diluent. Stable. | [First aid]
If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove any
contact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at least
15 minutes, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek
medical attention immediately. If this chemical contacts the
skin, remove contaminated clothing and wash immediately
with soap and water. Seek medical attention immediately. If
this chemical has been inhaled, remove from exposure,
begin rescue breathing (using universal precautions, including
resuscitation mask) if breathing has stopped and CPR if
heart action has stopped. Transfer promptly to a medical
facility. When this chemical has been swallowed, get
medical attention immediately. Do not induce vomiting.
Medical observation is recommended for 24 to 48 hours
after breathing overexposure, as pulmonary edema may be
delayed. As first aid for pulmonary edema, a doctor or
authorized paramedic may consider administering a drug or
other inhalation therapy. | [Shipping]
UN1741 Boron trichloride, Hazard class: 2.3;
Labels: 2.3—Poisonous gas, 8—Corrosive material,
Inhalation Hazard Zone C. Cylinders must be transported in
a secure upright position, in a well-ventilated truck. Protect
cylinder and labels from physical damage. The owner of the
compressed gas cylinder is the only entity allowed by federal
law (49CFR) to transport and refill them. It is a violation of
transportation regulations to refill compressed gas cylinders
without the express written permission of the owner. | [Incompatibilities]
Incompatible with lead, graphiteimpregnated
asbestos, potassium, sodium. Vigorously
attacks elastomers, packing materials, natural and synthetic
rubber; viton, tygon, saran, silastic elastomers.
Avoid aniline, hexafluorisopropylidene amino lithium,
nitrogen dioxide, phosphine, grease, organic matter; and
oxygen. Nitrogen peroxide, phosphine. Fat or grease
react vigorously with boron trichloride. It reacts with
water or steam to produce heat, boric acid, and corrosive
hydrochloric acid fumes. Oxygen and boron trichloride
react vigorously on sparking. Attacks most metals in the
presence of moisture. | [Description]
Boron trichloride is a colorless, acid gas that
fumes in the presence of moist air. It is packaged
in steel cylinders as a liquid under its own
vapor pressure of 19.1 psia (132 kPa, abs) at
70°F
(21.1°C). It reacts with water or moist air to
produce hydrochloric and boric acid. | [Waste Disposal]
Return refillable compressed
gas cylinders to supplier. Nonrefillable cylinders should be
disposed of in accordance with local, state, and federal regulations.
Allow remaining gas to vent slowly into atmosphere
in an unconfined area or exhaust hood. Refillabletype
cylinders should be returned to original supplier with
any valve caps and outlet plugs secured and valve protection
caps in place. | [Physical properties]
Colorless gas (or fuming liquid); density 5.14 g/L; liquefies at 12.6°C; solidifies at -107°C; vapor pressure 470 torr at 0°C; critical temperature 182°C; critical pressure 38.2 atm; critical molar volume 239 cm3/mol; reacts with water and ethanol; soluble in carbon tetrachloride. | [Uses]
Boron trichloride is a Lewis acid, forming stable addition compounds with such donors as ammonia and the amines and is used in the laboratory to promote reactions that liberate these donors. The compound is important industrially as a source of pure boron (reduction with hydrogen) for the electronics industry. It is also used for the preparation of boranes by reaction with metal hydrides. | [Uses]
Boron trichloride is used in the refining of aluminum,
copper, magnesium, and zinc to remove
oxides, nitrides, and carbides trom the molten
metal. Carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and nitrogen
can be removed from an aluminum melt by
treating with boron trichloride. It also improves
the tensile strength of aluminum and will allow
remelting without a major change in the grain
structure.
The electronic industry benefits trom boron
trichloride in many applications. It is used in the
production of optical fibers, as a p-type dopant
for thermal diffusion in silicon, and for ion implantation. | [Uses]
manufacture of and purification of boron; as catalyst for organic reactions; in semiconductors; in bonding of iron, steels; in purification of metal alloys to remove oxides, nitrides and carbides. | [Application]
One of the most important uses of Boron trichloride is in the preparation of boron
fibers ( Fibers, 13. Refractory Fibers). Typically an electrically heated tungsten filament is
passed through a chamber containing BCl3 and
hydrogen. The BCl3 is reduced, and boron is
deposited on the filament, producing a stiff,
strong boron fiber.Boron trichloride, like the trifluoride, has been
used as a Lewis acid catalyst in organic synthesis
in the polymerization of olefins and phosphazines, as well as in catalysis of other organic
reactions. Boron trichloride is also used in plasma etching of aluminum and silicon, in semiconductor manufacturing, and as a source of boron
for chemical vapor deposition. Steel is boronized
by contacting it with a reactive mixture of hydrogen, hydrocarbons, and BCl3 at high
temperatures.
| [Definition]
A fuming liquid made by passing
dry chlorine over heated boron. It is
rapidly hydrolysed by water:
BCl3 + 3H2O → 3HCl + H3BO3
As there are only three pairs of shared
electrons in the outer shell of the boron
atom, boron halides form very stable addition
compounds with ammonia by the acceptance
of a lone electron pair in a
coordinate bond to complete a shared
octet. | [Definition]
boron trichloride: A colourlessfuming liquid, BCl3, which reactswith water to give hydrogen chlorideand boric acid; r.d. 1.349; m.p.–107°C; b.p. 12.5°C. Boron trichlorideis prepared industrially by theexothermic chlorination of boroncarbide at above 700°C, followed byfractional distillation. An alternative,but more expensive, laboratorymethod is the reaction of dry chlorinewith boron at high temperature.Boron trichloride is a Lewis acid,forming stable addition compoundswith such donors as ammonia andthe amines and is used in the laboratoryto promote reactions that liberatethese donors. The compound isimportant industrially as a source ofpure boron (reduction with hydrogen)for the electronics industry. It isalso used for the preparation of boranesby reaction with metal hydrides. | [Preparation]
Boron trichloride can be prepared by high temperature chlorination of boron trioxide, boric acid, metal borates or other boron compounds. Chlorine, hydrogen chloride, phosgene, silicon tetrachloride, metal chlorides, carbontetrachloride, sulfuryl chloride and phosphorus tri- and pentachlorides are some of the common chlorinating agents. The reaction is carried out at temperatures varying between 400° to 1,400°C, depending on the reactants used. In commercial processes, carbon is generally used to reduce boron oxide during its chlorination. Some of the preparative reactions are outlined below:
B2O3 + 2PCl3 → 2BCl3 + P2O3
2B2O3 + 3CCl4 → 4BCl3 + 3CO2
B2O3 + 3C+ 3Cl2 → 2BCl3 + 3CO
2B(OH)3 +3C + 3Cl2 → 2BCl3 + 3CO + 3H2O
B2O3 + 3C + 6HCl → 2BCl3 + 3CO + 3H2
Na2B4O7 + 7C + 14HCl → 4BCl3 + 2NaCl + 7CO + 7H2
2KBF4 + 3MgCl2 → 2BCl3 + 2KF + 3MgF2
Boron trichloride may also be obtained by high temperature chlorination of boron:
2B + 3Cl2 → 2BCl3
B + 3AgCl → BCl3 + 3Ag
In the laboratory, boron trichloride may be made at ordinary temperatures by the reaction of boron trifluoride with aluminum chloride:
BF3 + AlCl3 → BCl3 + AlF3
| [Industrial uses]
Boron trichloride (BCl3) act as Lewis acids to a wide range of
electron-pair donors, and this has led to their widespread use as catalysts. | [Materials Uses]
Piping, valves, and other equipment used in
direct contact with anhydrous boron trichloride
should be of stainless steel. Carbon steel may be
used in some areas if the temperature remains
below 265°F (129°C). Monel and other nickel
alloys also offer good resistance. In the presence
of moisture, the formation of hydrochloric
acid will cause most metals to corrode. Platinum,
silver, or tantalum offer the best resistance. | [Physiological effects]
Boron trichloride is irritating and corrosive to
all living tissue. Exposure of skin tissue to
higher concentrations of boron trichloride or the
liquid can cause hydrochloric acid bums and
skin lesions resulting in tissue destruction and
scarring. Chemical pneumonitis (deep lung inflammation)
and pulmonary edema (abnormal
fluid buildup in the lungs) result trom excessive
exposure to the lower respiratory tract and deep
lung. Bums to the eyes result in lesions and
possible loss of vision. Symptoms of exposure
include tearing of eyes, coughing, labored
breathing, and excessive salivary and sputum
formation.
ACGIH has not established a Threshold Limit
Value (TLV?) for boron trichloride. It is recommended
that compliance with the 5 ppm
ceiling limit (TLV-C) for hydrogen chloride be
used. | [Purification Methods]
Purify it (from chlorine) by passage through two mercury-filled bubblers, then fractionally distil it under a slight vacuum. In a more extensive purification the nitrobenzene addition compound is formed by passage of the gas over nitrobenzene in a vacuum system at 10o. Volatile impurities are removed from the crystalline yellow solid by pumping at -20o, and the BCl3 is recovered by warming the addition compound at 50o. Passage through a trap at -78o removes entrained nitrobenzene, the BCl3 finally condensing in a trap at -112o [Brown & Holmes J Am Chem Soc 78 2173 1956]. Also purify it by condensing it into a trap cooled in acetone/Dry-ice, where it is pumped for 15minutes to remove volatile impurities. It is then warmed, recondensed and again pumped. [Gamble Inorg Synth III 27 1950.] TOXIC. | [GRADES AVAILABLE]
Boron trichloride is available for commercial
and industrial purposes with a minimum purity
of99.9 percent by weight.
Boron trichloride is also available in ultra
high purity grades for use in the electronics industry.
Gas purity guidelines have been developed
and published by the Semiconductor
Equipment and Materials International and can
be found in the Book ofSEMI Standards. |
| Safety Data | Back Directory | [Hazard Codes ]
T+,T,N,F | [Risk Statements ]
R14:Reacts violently with water.
R26/28:Very Toxic by inhalation and if swallowed .
R36/37/38:Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin .
R40:Limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect.
R67:Vapors may cause drowsiness and dizziness.
R65:Harmful: May cause lung damage if swallowed.
R62:Possible risk of impaired fertility.
R51/53:Toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment .
R48/20:Harmful: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inhalation .
R34:Causes burns.
R11:Highly Flammable.
R50/53:Very Toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment .
R26/27/28:Very Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed .
R63:Possible risk of harm to the unborn child.
R39/23/24/25:Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed .
R24:Toxic in contact with skin.
R21:Harmful in contact with skin.
R10:Flammable. | [Safety Statements ]
S9:Keep container in a well-ventilated place .
S26:In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice .
S28:After contact with skin, wash immediately with plenty of ... (to be specified by the manufacturer) .
S36/37/39:Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection .
S45:In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show label where possible) .
S8:Keep container dry .
S61:Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions safety data sheet .
S38:In case of insufficient ventilation, wear suitable respiratory equipment .
S16:Keep away from sources of ignition-No smoking .
S1:Keep locked up .
S60:This material and/or its container must be disposed of as hazardous waste .
S33:Take precautionary measures against static discharges .
S23:Do not breathe gas/fumes/vapor/spray (appropriate wording to be specified by the manufacturer) .
S7/9:Keep container tightly closed and in a well-ventilated place .
S62:If swallowed, do not induce vomiting: seek medical advice immediately and show this container or label . | [RIDADR ]
UN 3390 6.1/PG 1
| [WGK Germany ]
3
| [RTECS ]
ED1925000
| [F ]
10-21 | [Hazard Note ]
Very toxic | [TSCA ]
Yes | [DOT Classification]
2.3, Hazard Zone C (Gas poisonous by inhalation) | [HazardClass ]
2.3 | [PackingGroup ]
II | [HS Code ]
28121049 | [storage]
Boron trichloride cylinders should be protected from physical damage. The cylinders
should be stored upright and fi rmly secured to prevent falling or being knocked over,
in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area of non-combustible construction away from heavily
traffi cked areas and emergency exits | [Precautions]
Boron trichloride vigorously attacks elastomers and packing materials, natural and synthetic rubbers. It also reacts energetically with nitrogen dioxide/dinitrogen tetraoxide, aniline, phosphine, triethylsilane, or fat and grease. It reacts exothermically with chemical
bases such as amines, amides, and inorganic hydroxides. Occupational workers should
use gloves of neoprene or butyl rubber, PVC or polyethylene, safety goggles, or glasses and
face shield, and safety shoes. | [Hazardous Substances Data]
10294-34-5(Hazardous Substances Data) |
|
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