Description

GW-501516, also known as GW‐1516 or cardarine and endurobol. It belongs to a class of drugs called peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists. GW-501516 was first discovered in the early 90s of the 20th century. It has no therapeutic use but can be abused for performance‐enhancing purposes using the oral route. Since January 2009, the list of prohibited substances and methods of doping as established by the World Anti‐Doping Agency includes GW‐501516, first as a gene doping substance and now in the S4.5 Metabolic modulators class. But, as a PPARδ agonist, Studies have shown that this product can indeed improve the blood glucose level, damaged islet tissue, and increase the insulin content in the rats with GDM, possibly by regulating the SREBP-1c/GLUT2 pathway[1].

Cardarine's type

There are two types of cardarine: GW-501516 and endurobol. Both types of Cardarine are effective in various ways and their mechanisms of action differ slightly from each other. GW-501516 could activate PPAR-delta receptors which play a crucial role in energy metabolism. This product is a popular choice among bodybuilders and athletes because it enhances endurance levels. It also helps improve fat metabolism, making it easier for users to burn excess fat while preserving lean muscle mass[2]. Fitness enthusiasts need extra motivation in high-intensity training. Endurobol is known for its ability to improve strength and endurance during workouts. It works by targeting AMPK pathways involved in glucose uptake and fatty acid oxidation.

Side effects

It may cause liver damage. Some studies have suggested that GW-501516 may sometimes lead to liver damage. However, the impact on the liver varies; not everyone takingCardarine will experience liver damage. Attention to symptoms such as jaundice, dark urine, abdominal pain, or unexplained fatigue is vital.

It will increase the chances of developing cancer. It has been shown that there is a link between the long-term use of Cardarine and an increased risk of developing cancer, many studies found that high doses of Cardarine led to the growth of tumors in various organs, including the liver, bladder, and stomach.

Research suggests that Cardarine may cause damage to the brain cells and impair cognitive function. Studies have shown that long-term use of Cardarinecan leads to neurotoxicity in mice. Cardiovascular System Problems, Muscle cramps, and joint pain are all possible side effects.

References

[1] Zhou J, et al. The Role of PPARδ Agosnist GW501516 in Rats with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy, 2020; 13: 2307—2316. 

[2] Kintz P, et al.Testing for GW501516 (cardarine) in human hair using LC/MS-MS and confirmation by LC/HRMS. Drug Testing and Analysis, 2020; 12: 980-986.