1. Avoid contact with moist air. Avoid contact with strong oxidants, strong reducing agents, strong acids, strong bases, alkali metals, and water. Orthorhombic colorless needle or flake crystal. Soluble in water to generate maleic acid. Soluble in ethanol and generate esters. Soluble in ethanol, ether and other organic solvents, insoluble in petroleum ether and carbon tetrachloride. With hot water to generate maleic acid. It is easy to carry out copolymerization of vinyl monomers; it can also carry out homopolymerization. It reacts with diol to generate linear unsaturated polyester, and reacts with sulfur trioxide to generate sulfonated maleic anhydride. Combustible. Toxic, rinse with plenty of water when splashing on the skin. Production equipment should be airtight, and operators should wear protective equipment.

2. This product is poisonous. It is more toxic than maleic acid and can irritate the skin and mucous membranes. When the human body is exposed to high temperature liquid, its irritation is more serious, which can cause skin burns to injuries, conjunctiva and cornea redness and swelling, and in severe cases, vision loss or even blindness. The LD50 for rats is 400mg/kg. Mice oral LD5060~465mg/kg. The maximum allowable concentration in the air is 0.25*10-6. When splashing on the skin, rinse with plenty of water. Production equipment should be airtight, and operators should wear protective equipment.

3. Exist in the flue gas.

4. Strong irritation, causing burns, inhalation can cause pulmonary edema. Easily atomized. Heated to above 150 ° C to release acetic acid. Molecular chain scission occurred when the solution was heated to 100°C.

The classification of maleic anhydride antimicrobial polymers

The classification of maleic anhydride antimicrobial polymers can be done by the reaction of anhydride groups with amines forming polyamides and polymaleimides and the reaction of alcohols with anhydride forming polyhemiesters/polymaleates. Furthermore, quaternary ammonium compounds are also prepared by the reaction of polymales, polymaleimides, polyhemiesters,  with different alkyl chains and a few investigators have worked on the synthesis of maleic anhydride nanoparticles with antimicrobial activity. In this review, maleic anhydride antimicrobial polymers will be discussed including copolymers/terpolymers, polyamides, polymaleimides, polyhemiesters and polymers with quaternary ammonium compounds.

The application of  Maleic anhydride

1. It is used as raw material for the production of 1,4-butanediol, γ-butyrolactone, tetrahydrofuran, succinic acid, unsaturated polyester resin, alkyd resin, etc. It is also used in medicine and pesticides.

2. Act as a collector in metal beneficiation

3. For organic synthesis, also used as synthetic fiber intermediate

4. Maleic anhydride is an important unsaturated anhydride basic raw material. It is used in the production of pesticides to synthesize diethyl maleate and pyridazine sulfide, the intermediates of the organophosphorus insecticide malathion. Phosphorus intermediates 1-phenyl-3,6-dihydroxypyridazine, and intermediates of pyrethroids, insecticides, pyrethroids, fungicides, captandan, and also used in the production of unsaturated polyester resins , ink auxiliaries, papermaking auxiliaries, coatings, pharmaceutical industry, food industry, etc.

5. Mainly used as raw materials for the production of unsaturated polyester resin, alkyd resin, pesticide malathion, high-efficiency and low-toxic pesticide 4049, and long-acting iodine amine. It is also a coating, male rosin, polymaleic anhydride, maleic anhydride-styrene copolymer. It is also an organic chemical raw material for the production of ink auxiliaries, papermaking auxiliaries, plasticizers and tartaric acid, fumaric acid, tetrahydrofuran, etc.

6. Maleic anhydride (108-31-6) is a common and important basic organic chemical raw material. It is the third largest acid anhydride raw material in the world after acetic anhydride and phthalic anhydride. Its downstream products have a wide range of development and application prospects. It is mainly used to synthesize unsaturated polyester resin, which is the raw material for the manufacture of auto parts, ships, corrosion-resistant chemical equipment and daily necessities. Maleic anhydride (108-31-6) is also an important intermediate in the production of lubricating oil additives, coatings, pesticides, fumaric acid, copolymers, and food additives. Its hydrogenated derivatives are succinic anhydride, 1.4-butanediol, r-J lactone and tetrahydrofuran.

1 Nagaraja A, Jalageri M D, Puttaiahgowda Y M, et al. A review on various maleic anhydride antimicrobial polymers[J]. Journal of microbiological methods, 2019, 163: 105650.