Silicon dioxide is found naturally in water, plants, animals, and the earth. The earth's crust is 59 percent silica. It makes up more than 95 percent of known rocks on the planet. It's even found naturally in the tissues of the human body. Though it's unclear what role it plays, it's thought to be an essential nutrient our bodies need.

What is silicon dioxide used for in foods and supplements?

According to the USDA, silicon dioxide has properties that give it the following functions in foods and supplements:

Works as an anti-caking agent

Prevents corrosion

Defoams

Stops powders from absorbing moisture

Helps to stabilize and clarify beer

Helps carry and distribute flavoring oils

Absorbs alcohol

Helps in processing of wine and gelatin production

Is silicon dioxide bad for you?

While they are rare, side effects of silicon dioxide are possible. This can include symptoms of allergic reactions and possibly digestive problems.

One potential concern with nanoparticles found in foods (which includes silicon dioxide in addition to compounds like silver, titanium dioxide, iron oxide, and zinc oxide) is that some research suggests they may trigger GI problems, such as leaky gut syndrome, as well as DNA and cell damage when ingested long term. More research is needed regarding these concerns because as of now we don’t know much about the long-term impacts of eating nanoparticles on a regular basis.

Here's another distinction to point out: The type of silica found in foods is different than crystalline silica, which is a component of soil, sand, granite, and some other minerals. Long-term exposure to crystalline silica can potentially be dangerous to the respiratory system, contributing to lung-related damage and disease, so anyone who works in close contact with this compound needs to be careful to handle it properly to prevent side effects.

People who are most susceptible to experiencing side effects due to crystalline silica exposure are those who work in the following industries: mining, steel, construction, and sandblasting.