General Description

Carbohydrazide have shown diverse biological activities, including antitumor, herbicidal, tuberculostatic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antithrombotic, and antimicrobial properties. They have also been used in deodorant compositions and exhibit antifungal, antitumor, and herbicidal effects. These compounds serve as building blocks for the synthesis of hydrazones, Schiff bases, and coordination compounds. In the field of solar cell technology, carbohydrazide has been employed to improve the photovoltaic performance of lead-free perovskite solar cells by fabricating high-quality films with enhanced stability and reproducibility. Furthermore, the coordinating ability of the hydrazide group in carbohydrazide has been preserved to develop energetic complexes with excellent explosive properties and potential applications in laser ignition and primary explosives. Overall, carbohydrazide exhibits significant potential in various fields, including biochemistry, energy, and materials science.

Figure 1. Carbohydrazide

Biological Properties

Carbohydrazide are organic compounds featuring the functional group (CONHNH2). These compounds, along with their Schiff bases, play a crucial role in various biological activities including antitumor, herbicidal, tuberculostatic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antithrombotic, and antimicrobial activities. A wide range of carbohydrazide, derivatives, and related compounds, such as aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic, and heterocyclic carbohydrazides, have been extensively studied and found to exhibit diverse biological activities. Additionally, certain carbohydrazide have been identified as components of deodorant compositions capable of eliminating offensive odor components. Carbohydrazide containing oxygen and nitrogen in the ring system have shown remarkable antifungal, antitumor, and herbicidal properties. The versatility of carbohydrazide has attracted significant attention, particularly for their potential applications as building blocks in the synthesis of hydrazones, Schiff bases, and coordination compounds. Overall, carbohydrazide and their derivatives have emerged as important compounds in the field of biochemistry, owing to their wide range of biological activities and their potential for use in the development of various therapeutic agents and chemical compounds. ¹

Applications in different fields

Improved Photovoltaic Performance of Solar Cells

Carbohydrazide has been utilized in the application of fabricating high-quality pinhole-free Cs2AgBiBr6 films with large grain sizes for lead-free Cs2AgBiBr6 double perovskite solar cells. Metal halide perovskite materials have faced stability and toxicity issues, and Cs2AgBiBr6 has emerged as a promising alternative. However, the photovoltaic performance of Cs2AgBiBr6 has been limited by poor film quality caused by factors like high annealing temperature. To address this, a facile strategy involving Carbohydrazide was introduced into the precursor solution. The presence of the carbonyl group (C═O) in Carbohydrazide played a critical role in coordinating with Ag+ and Bi3+ cations during the film formation process. This resulted in the fabrication of high-quality Cs2AgBiBr6 films without pinholes, leading to improved photovoltaic performance. Moreover, the addition of Carbohydrazide enhanced the reproducibility of the fabrication process. By optimizing the amount of Carbohydrazide, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the Cs2AgBiBr6 solar cells increased from 37 to 1.57%. Furthermore, these devices exhibited excellent stability, retaining 95.0% PCE after a 1000-hour test in an ambient environment. The findings of a study contribute to the exploration of high-performance lead-free perovskites like Cs2AgBiBr6 and provide insights into the additive engineering mechanism. Overall, this work represents a significant advancement in the development of lead-free perovskite solar cells. ²

Preserving Coordinating Ability of Hydrazide Group

Carbohydrazide is a chemical compound that contains hydrazide groups and has coordinating ability. In a research, the coordinating ability of the hydrazide group was preserved by designing and synthesizing ligand furan-2,5-dicarbohydrazide and its complex [Cu(FDCA)(H2O)ClO4]n(ClO4)n·nH2O (ECPs-1·H2O). The resulting ECPs-1 exhibited excellent explosive properties, good thermal stability, and sensitivity to mechanical stimuli. It also had potential for laser ignition and comparable detonation power to LA. The simple preparation method and inexpensive starting materials make it a promising candidate for primary explosives. The structure of the product was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. This research demonstrates the potential of carbohydrazide in the development of high-energy ECPs, and highlights the importance of preserving the coordinating ability of the hydrazide group for optimal performance. ³

Reference

1. Onyeyilim EL, Ezeokonkwo MA, Ugwu DI, et al. Carbohydrazide Analogues: A Review of Synthesis and Biological Activities. Mini Rev Med Chem. 2022;22(4):661-682.

2. Fan Y, Qiao F, Du D, et al. Carbohydrazide-Assisted Morphology and Structure Controlling for Lead-Free Cs2AgBiBr6 Double Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2023;15(30):36233-36241.

3. Wang TW, Zhang C, Lu ZJ, et al. Preparation of High-Energy ECPs by Retaining the Coordination Ability of Carbohydrazide Groups. Langmuir. 2023;39(26):9239-9245.