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Calcium Phosphate: Physical Properties, Synthesis and Biological Response

Jan 8,2025

General Description

CalciumTrusted Source is present in the circulatory system and tissues, while phosphorusTrusted Source is an important component of DNA and protein. These minerals are essential for bone, muscle, blood, and nerve health.

Calcium phosphate, also known as tricalcium phosphate, is a type of mineral. It is a compound containing calcium and phosphorus, or phosphoric acid. It is available as an option for calcium supplements, along with calcium carbonate and calcium citrate. There are also many different types of trusted sources of calcium phosphate. The largest calcium phosphate source in the body exists as hydroxyapatite (HAP), which is an important structural component of bones and teeth.

Physical Properties

Calcium phosphate appears as an odourless and tasteless white amorphous or crystalline powder. It is insoluble in ethanol and acetic acid but soluble in dilute nitric acid and hydrochloric acid. It slightly dissolves in water. It is found in bones, milk, teeth, and ground.

Calcium phosphate

The synthesis of calcium phosphate bioceramics was carried out based on a modified method of Santos et al. (2004) [24]. A volume of 500 mL of 0.6 M H3PO4 solution in a burette was dropped at a speed of 6 ml/min into a beaker containing 500 ml of 1 M Ca(OH)2 suspension at 60 ± 2 °C with constant stirring. The pH was monitored but not corrected. The resulting mixture was sonicated using a 40 kHz ultrasonic device for 1 hour. It was left for 24 hours and centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 15 minutes. The precipitate obtained was then dried in an oven at 105°C for 16 hours and then put into a kiln at 1000 °C for 5 hours. The obtained sample was then ground into a fine powder and put into a desiccator before being tested.

Uses and Biological Response

Calcium phosphate also has many uses outside the body, as it is a component in many products, including:

over-the-counter supplements
antacids
toothpaste
bone graft substitutes
fragrances
anti-caking agents
fertilizers

Calcium phosphate can substitute natural bone containing 70% inorganic mineral phase. The calcium phosphate-based biomaterials are stable, biocompatible, and osteoconductive and thus increase the scope of tissue generation. The bulk materials of bioactive cement mostly consist of hydroxyapatite (HA) and beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP). In contrast, the components include alpha-tricalcium phosphate, tetra calcium phosphate, monocalcium phosphate monohydrate, dicalcium phosphate anhydrous, and dicalcium phosphate dihydrate.

Calcium phosphate is the inorganic mineral of hard tissues such as bone and teeth. Due to their similarities to the natural bone, calcium phosphates are highly biocompatible and biodegradable materials with numerous applications in dental and orthopedic implants and bone tissue engineering. In the form of nanoparticles, calcium phosphate nanoparticles (CaP’s) can also be used as effective delivery vehicles to transfer therapeutic agents such as nucleic acids, drugs, proteins and enzymes into tumor cells. In addition, facile preparation and functionalization of CaP’s, together with their inherent properties such as pH-dependent solubility, provide advantages in the delivery and release of these bioactive agents using CaP’s as nanocarriers.

Reference

1. Calcium Phosphate. National Center for Biotechnology Information. 2024; PubChem Compound Summary for CID 24456.

2. Bohner M, Santoni BLG, D?belin N. β-tricalcium phosphate for bone substitution: Synthesis and properties. Acta Biomater. 2020; 113: 23-41.

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