Jaceosidin, also known as 4',5,7-trihydroxy-3',6-dimethoxyflavone, is a member of the class of compounds known as 6-o-methylated flavonoids. 6-o-methylated flavonoids are flavonoids with methoxy groups attached to the C6 atom of the flavonoid backbone.

Thus, jaceosidin is considered to be a flavonoid lipid molecule. Jaceosidin is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Jaceosidin can be found in lemon verbena, which makes jaceosidin a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.

Biological Activity

Jaceosidin has anti-oxidative activity. Jaceosidin has anti-inflammatory activity, also a microglial inhibitor with anti-neuroinflammation activity. aceosidin has anticancer activity, modulates the ERK/ATM/Chk1/2 pathway, leading to inactivation of the Cdc2-cyclin B1 complex, followed by G2/M cell cycle arrest in endometrial cancer cells.

Jaceosidin has immunosuppressive effect through inhibiting T cell proliferation and activation, which is closely associated with its potent down-regulation of the IFN-γ/STAT1/T-bet signaling pathway. The pharmacokinetics of Jaceosidin may be dramatically affected by polymorphic CYP1A2, UGT1A1, and UGT1A7 responsible for the metabolism of Jaceosidin or by the coadministration of relevant CYP1A2 or UGT inhibitors or inducers.

Jaceosidin stimulated proliferation, migration and tubulogenesis of ECs as well as ex vivo sprouting from aorta rings, which are phenomena typical of angiogenesis. Jaceosidin activated vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2, FLk-1/KDR) and angiogenic signaling molecules such as focal adhesion kinase, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and its downstream target, the serine-threonine kinase AKTWe also demonstrated that jaceosidin activated the NF-κB-driven expression of a luciferase reporter gene and NF-κB binding to DNA.

Jaceosidin-induced proliferation and migration of human umbilical vascular endothelial cells were strongly inhibited by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor LY294002 and NF-κB inhibitor BAY11-7082, indicating that the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway is involved in jaceosidin-induced angiogenesis. Our results suggest that jaceosidin stimulates angiogenesis by activating the VEGFR2/FAK/PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway and that it may be useful in developing angiogenic agents to promote the growth of collateral blood vessels in ischemic tissues.