FS-3 substrate is solubilized in assay buffer at 500 μM and frozen at -20°C in single-use aliquots for up to 4 weeks. Recombinant autotaxin is diluted in Tris-buffered saline (140 mM NaCl, 5 mM KCl, 1 mM CaCl₂, 1 mM MgCl₂, 50 mM Tris, pH 8.0) and incubated with compound in DMSO or DMSO alone (final 1% DMSO) for 15 min at 37°C, and the reaction is started with the addition of FS-3 at a final concentration of 1 μM. The reaction is allowed to proceed at 37°C for 30 min and monitored at 520 nm until the uninhibited control compared with a no-enzyme control gave a Z′≥0.5. IC₅₀s are determined in triplicate by using a four-parameter fit^[1].

MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

HUVEC (1×10⁶) and bEnd.3 cells (1×10⁶) are plated in 100 mm plates and after 24 h, U87-MG (2×10⁶) and GL261 (2×10⁶) cells are plated onto transwell inserts. After co-culture for 24 h, cells are treated with 1 μM of PF-8380 or vehicle control DMSO for 45 min prior to irradiation with 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8 Gy. After the treatments as co-culture with either PF-8380 or DMSO calculated numbers of U87-MG and GL261 cells are plated to enable normalization for plating efficiencies. After 7 to 10 day incubation plates are fixed with 70% EtOH and stained with 1% methylene blue. Colonies consisting of >50 cells are counted by viewing the plates under a microscope. The survival fractions are calculated as (number of colonies/number of cells plated)/(number of colonies for corresponding control/number of cells plated). Survival curves are analyzed by curve fitting to the alpha/beta model calculating D₀ and n^[2].

MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Rats^[1]
Male Lewis rats weighing 275 to 300 g are used and acclimated to their surroundings for approximately 1 week with food and water provided ad libitum. A minimum of 1 day before study, animals are anesthetized with isoflurane (to effect) and implanted with Culex vascular catheters in the carotid artery. Animals are acclimated in Culex cages overnight before dosing. Patency of the carotid artery catheter is maintained by using the "tend" function of the Culex automated blood sampler. Animals are dosed with PF-8380 at 1, 3, 10, 30, and 100 mg/kg by oral gavage after an overnight fast. Blood collections are obtained from the carotid artery and performed by the Culex automated blood sampler at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 24 h after administration. Blood is centrifuged, and plasma is collected for analysis of PF-8380 and LPA concentrations.
Mice^[2]
GL261 cells (1×10⁶) are injected into the right hind limb of nude mice. Once tumors are palpable the mice are serpentine sorted into groups of six to seven animals representing similar distributions of tumor sizes (range=240 mm³). Tumor bearing mice are injected intraperitoneally with vehicle (DMSO) or PF-8380 at 10 mg/kg body weight once daily for five consecutive days. Forty five minutes after drug injection, mice are anesthetized with isoflurane and positioned in the RS2000 irradiator. They are then irradiated with 2 Gy daily for five consecutive days for a total of 10 Gy. Lead blocks (10 mm thick) are used to shield the head, thorax, and abdomen. Tumor size is monitored longitudinally using an external traceable digital caliper. Mice are sacrificed by cervical dislocation once the tumors reached a volume of approximately 10 mm³ or when ulceration becomes apparent.

MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

• [1]. Gierse J, et al. A novel autotaxin inhibitor reduces lysophosphatidic acid levels in plasma and the site of inflammation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2010 Jul;334(1):310-7.  [Content Brief]

  [2]. Bhave SR, et al. Autotaxin Inhibition with PF-8380 Enhances the Radiosensitivity of Human and Murine Glioblastoma Cell Lines. Front Oncol. 2013 Sep 17;3:236.  [Content Brief]

  [3]. Cao P, et al. Autocrine lysophosphatidic acid signaling activates β-catenin and promotes lung allograft fibrosis. J Clin Invest. 2017 Apr 3;127(4):1517-1530.  [Content Brief]