Determination of IC₅₀, IC₉₀, CC₅₀ of Telaprevir (VX-950) or IFN-α in HCV replicon cells is performed. Briefly, 1×10⁴ replicon cells per well are plated in 96-well plates. On the following day, replicon cells is incubated at 37°C for the indicated period of time with antiviral agents serially diluted in DMEM plus 2% FBS and 0.5% DMSO. Total cellular RNA is extracted using an RNeasy-96 kit, and the copy number of HCV RNA is determined using a quantitative RT-PCR (QRT-PCR) assay. Each datum point represents the average of five replicates in cell culture. The cytotoxicity of Telaprevir is measured under the same experimental settings using a tetrazolium (MTS)-based cell viability assay. For the cytotoxicity assay with human hepatocyte cell lines, 1×10⁴ parental Huh-7 cells per well or 4×10⁴ HepG2 cells per well are used. To determine cytotoxicity of Telaprevir against resting PBMC, 1×10⁵ cells per well are incubated with Telaprevir in RPMI-1640 medium (no serum) for 48 h, and the cell viability is determined by the MTS-based assay. To determine cytotoxicity of VX-950 against proliferating PBMC, 1×10⁵ cells per well in RPMI-1640 medium are added to a 96-well plate, which is precoated with anti-human CD3 antibody. The cells are incubated with Telaprevir and anti-human CD28 antibody for 72 h at 37°C, and the cell growth is determined by [³H]thymidine update between the 48th and 72nd h^[1].

MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Mice^[2]
Five groups of 6-week-old SCID mice (6 animals per group) are injected with 10⁹ IFU per mouse of recombinant adenovirus Ad-WT-HCVpro-SEAP through the tail vein. Each group of mice is given two oral administrations of Telaprevir (VX-950) at one of the following doses: 10, 25, 75, 150, or 300 mg/kg. The first Telaprevir dose is given 2 h before the adenovirus injection, and the second dose is given 10 h after injection. An additional group of 10 mice is given vehicle alone. Serum samples are collected 24 h postinjection, and the SEAP activity in each Telaprevir-dosed group is compared to that of the vehicle group. Rat and Dog^[2] The intravenous and oral pharmacokinetics of Telaprevir (VX-950) are evaluated in rats and dogs. A group of 3 male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250 to 300 g is administered an intravenous bolus dose of 0.95 mg/kg Telaprevir. Serial blood samples are collected in heparinized tubes before dosing and at 0.083, 0.167, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 h after dose administration. A group of 3 male beagle dogs (8 to 12 kg) is administered an intravenous bolus dose of 3.5 mg/kg Telaprevir in 10% ethanol, 40% polyethylene glycol 400, and 50% D5W. Serial blood samples are collected in heparinized tubes before dosing and at 0.083, 0.167, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 h after dose administration. For oral studies in rats and dogs, Telaprevir is formulated in polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) K-30 plus 2% sodium lauryl sulfate and then dosed as an oral gavage. A group of 3 male Sprague-Dawley rats (250 to 300 g) is dosed orally with 40 mg/kg VX-950, and a group of 4 male beagle dogs (10.9 to 12.0 kg) is administered an oral dose of 9.6 mg/kg VX-950. In both oral studies, blood samples are taken before dosing and at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 h after dose administration. In both intravenous and oral studies, plasma samples are obtained by centrifugation and stored at ?70°C until analysis. Samples from the intravenous studies are analyzed by a chiral liquid chromatography followed by tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method, and samples from the oral studies are analyzed using an achiral LC/MS/MS method.

MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

• [1]. Lin K, et al. VX-950, a novel hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3-4A protease inhibitor, exhibits potent antiviral activities in HCv replicon cells. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006 May;50(5):1813-22.  [Content Brief]

  [2]. Perni RB, et al. Preclinical profile of VX-950, a potent, selective, and orally bioavailable inhibitor of hepatitis C virus NS3-4A serine protease. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006 Mar;50(3):899-909.  [Content Brief]

  [3]. Zhang X, et al. Discovery and evolution of aloperine derivatives as a new family of HCV inhibitors with novel mechanism. Eur J Med Chem. 2018 Jan 1;143:1053-1065.  [Content Brief]

  [4]. Qi Sun, et al. Bardoxolone and bardoxolone methyl, two Nrf2 activators in clinical trials, inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication and its 3C-like protease. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2021 May 29;6(1):212.  [Content Brief]