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In vitro transcription of capped mRNA with modified nucleotides and Poly(A) tail
TSA (Tyramide Signal Amplification), used for signal amplification of ISH, IHC and IC etc.
Separation of phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated proteins without phospho-specific antibody
A convenient and sensitive way for cell proliferation assay and cytotoxicity assay
Protect the integrity of proteins from multiple proteases and phosphatases for different applications.
Verapamil is an L-type calcium channel blocker of thephenylalkylamine class.
Cell lines
myeloma cell lines (JK-6L, RPMI8226, and ARH-77 cell lines)
Preparation method
The solubility of this compound in DMSO is >14.5mg/mL. General tips for obtaining a higher concentration: Please warm the tube at 37℃ for 10 minutes and/or shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while. Stock solution can be stored below -20℃ for several months.
Reacting condition
70 μM; 16 h
Applications
In myeloma cell lines, the combination of bortezomib (10 nM) and verapamil (70 μM) markedly reduced the viability of the JK-6L, RPMI8226, and ARH-77 cell lines. JK-6L cells were more sensitive toward bortezomib and verapamil treatment. Combination of bortezomib and verapamil might induce predominantly apoptotic cell death and activation of caspase 3/7.
Animal models
The collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice model
Dosage form
20 mg/kg; intraperitoneally every day starting on day 21
Application
In CIA mice model, verapamil remarkably attenuated development of arthritis and alleviated inflammation. Verapamil also significantly reduced mRNA levels of inflammation-associated molecules, including IL-1β, IL-6, NOS-2, and COX-2.
Other notes
Please test the solubility of all compounds indoor, and the actual solubility may slightly differ with the theoretical value. This is caused by an experimental system error and it is normal.
References:
[1]. Meister S1, Frey B, Lang VR, et al. Calcium channel blocker verapamil enhances endoplasmic reticulum stress and cell death induced by proteasome inhibition in myeloma cells. Neoplasia. 2010 Jul;12(7):550-61.
[2]. Wang W1, Li Z2, Meng Q3, et al. Chronic Calcium Channel Inhibitor Verapamil Antagonizes TNF-α-Mediated Inflammatory Reaction and Protects Against Inflammatory Arthritis in Mice. Inflammation. 2016 Oct;39(5):1624-34.
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