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Ruthenium(iii) complexes containing thiazole-based ligands that modulate amyloid-β aggregation
Huffman, Samantha E. ; Yawson, Gideon K. ; Fisher, Samuel S. , et al. Metallomics,2020,12(4):491-503. DOI: 10.1039/d0mt00054j PubMed ID: 32239079
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Abstract: Metal-based therapeutics are uniquely suited to target soluble Aβ and have shown considerable promise to prevent the aggregation and induced cytotoxicity of the peptide in vitro. Herein, we have prepared a small series of derivatives of two promising Ru(III) complexes NAMI-A (imidazolium [trans-RuCl4(1H-imidazole)(DMSO-S)]) and PMRU20 (2-aminothiazolium [trans-RuCl4(2-aminothiazole)2]), to determine structure-activity relationships (SAR) for Ru(III) therapeutics for Alzheimer's Disease. Using the three complementary methods of Thioflavin T fluorescence, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), it was determined that the symmetry around the metal center did not significantly impact the activity of the complexes, but rather the attached thiazole ligand(s) mitigated Aβ aggregation. Across both families of Ru(III) complexes the determined SAR for the functional groups on the thiazole ligands to modulate Aβ aggregation were NH2 > CH3 > H. These results highlight the importance of secondary interactions between the metallotherapeutic and the Aβ peptide where hydrogen-bonding has the greatest impact on modulating Aβ aggregation.
Purchased from AmBeed: 96-50-4
CAS No. : | 96-50-4 | MDL No. : | MFCD00005325 |
Formula : | C3H4N2S | Boiling Point : | - |
Linear Structure Formula : | - | InChI Key : | RAIPHJJURHTUIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
M.W : | 100.14 | Pubchem ID : | 2155 |
Synonyms : |
2-Aminothiazole;2-Thiazolylamine;NSC 1900;Basedol
|
Chemical Name : | Thiazol-2-amine |
Signal Word: | Warning | Class: | N/A |
Precautionary Statements: | P305+P351+P338 | UN#: | N/A |
Hazard Statements: | H302-H319 | Packing Group: | N/A |
GHS Pictogram: |
* All experimental methods are cited from the reference, please refer to the original source for details. We do not guarantee the accuracy of the content in the reference.
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
84% | In toluene; at 100℃; for 0.166667h;Microwave irradiation; Sealed tube; | General procedure: General Procedure (GP): In a MW sealed-tube equipped with a magnetic stirring bar, to a 0.5 M solution of aldehyde (1.0 equiv.) in anhydrous toluene [0.5 M], amine (1.0 equiv.) and isocyanide (1.0 equiv.) were added sequentially and the reaction mixture was MW-heated (100 oC,150 W) for 10 minutes. Then, the solvent was removed until dryness and the crude was immediately purified by silica-gel column chromatography using a mixture of hexanes with ethyl acetate (7/3; v/v) to afford the corresponding products 1a-w. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
82% | In toluene; at 100℃; for 0.166667h;Microwave irradiation; Sealed tube; | General procedure: General Procedure (GP): In a MW sealed-tube equipped with a magnetic stirring bar, to a 0.5 M solution of aldehyde (1.0 equiv.) in anhydrous toluene [0.5 M], amine (1.0 equiv.) and isocyanide (1.0 equiv.) were added sequentially and the reaction mixture was MW-heated (100 oC,150 W) for 10 minutes. Then, the solvent was removed until dryness and the crude was immediately purified by silica-gel column chromatography using a mixture of hexanes with ethyl acetate (7/3; v/v) to afford the corresponding products 1a-w. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
33% | With tris-(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0); caesium carbonate; 4,5-bis(diphenylphos4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9-dimethylxanthenephino)-9,9-dimethylxanthene; In 1,4-dioxane; at 100℃; for 3.0h;Inert atmosphere; | To a stirred solution of <strong>[99368-67-9]2-chloro-5-nitro-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine</strong> (2.0 g, 8.83 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (20 mL) was added, cesiu m carbonate (5.75 g, 17.66 mmol) and the contents were purged with nitrogen for 30 min followed by sequential addition of thiazol-2-amine (1.32 g, 13.24 mmol), xantphos (0.511 g, 0.883 mmol) and Pd2(dba)3 (0.808 g, 0.883 mmol). The resulting reaction mixture was heated at 100eC for 3 h. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was filtered through celite. The filtrate was rotary evaporated and residue was purified by flash column chromatography (silica gel) to afford 0.850 g (33percent) of the titled product as a colorless gum. 1HNMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) U13.32 (s, 1H), 9.32 (d, J = 2.7 Hz, 1H), 8.50 (d, J = 2.7 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (d, J = 4.6 Hz, 1H), 7.12 (d, J = 4.6 Hz, 1H); ESI-MS (m/z) 291.21 (MH)\ |