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Davi ; Kajal ; Wright State University,2024.
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Abstract: Genetic mutations can significantly impact the cell’s susceptibility to environmental stress. The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe is an established eukaryotic model for studying the cellular responses to various environmental stresses. This work investigated a missense mutation (S239F) identified in Suc22, the small subunit of the ribonucleotide reductase (RNR). RNR is an essential enzyme for the biosynthesis of dNTPs required for DNA replication and repair. We found that the suc22-S239F mutation increases the susceptibility to the replication stress induced by hydroxyurea (HU), not the DNA-damaging agents such as UV, methyl methanesulfate, and CPT. HU is a drug commonly used in laboratories to instigate DNA replication stress as it is an inhibitor of RNR. The intricate mechanisms governing the cellular responses to HU have been extensively studied in the past decades, and the involvement of suc22-S239F mutation presents a new dimension to our understanding of cellular responses to replication stress. The Suc22 is indispensable for DNA synthesis and cell survival. The suc22-S239F mutation involves substituting serine at position 239 with phenylalanine within the small subunit of RNR. Here we show that fission yeast bearing the suc22-S239F mutation exhibits significantly increased sensitivity to chronic replication stress, not acute replication stress induced by HU as compared to wild-type cells. Previous studies have demonstrated that the increased sensitivity to chronic treatment with HU can be caused by several interconnected pathways such as replication stress, oxidative stress, and cytokines arrest. Our results showed that while the replication checkpoint remains functional, the HU sensitivity of the suc22-S239F mutant is likely due to replication stress, not oxidative stress. Therefore, the suc22-S239F mutation acts as an intriguing entry point to studying the intricate mechanisms through which genetic variations amplify the cell susceptibility to replication stress. These findings not only enhance our understanding of stress-induced cytotoxicity but also hold potential implications for the development of innovative therapeutics for the treatment of cancer or other diseases.
Keywords: DNA replication checkpoint ; Hydroxyurea ; Ribonucleotide Reductase ; Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Purchased from AmBeed: 95058-81-4
CAS No. : | 95058-81-4 | MDL No. : | MFCD00869720 |
Formula : | C9H11F2N3O4 | Boiling Point : | - |
Linear Structure Formula : | - | InChI Key : | SDUQYLNIPVEERB-QPPQHZFASA-N |
M.W : | 263.20 | Pubchem ID : | 60750 |
Synonyms : |
LY 188011;DDFC;NSC 613327
|
Chemical Name : | 4-Amino-1-((2R,4R,5R)-3,3-difluoro-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)pyrimidin-2(1H)-one |
Signal Word: | Warning | Class: | N/A |
Precautionary Statements: | P501-P202-P201-P264-P280-P302+P352-P308+P313-P337+P313-P305+P351+P338-P362+P364-P332+P313-P405 | UN#: | N/A |
Hazard Statements: | H315-H319-H361 | Packing Group: | N/A |
GHS Pictogram: |
* All experimental methods are cited from the reference, please refer to the original source for details. We do not guarantee the accuracy of the content in the reference.
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
6.54 g | In N,N-dimethyl-formamide; at 20℃; for 5h; | A solution of gemcitabine (5.0g, 19mmol) and <strong>[14316-61-1]phenoxyacetic anhydride</strong> (6.0g, 20.9mmol) in anhydrous Nu,Nu-dimethylformamide (200ml) was stirred at room temperature. After 5 hours, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo and triturated with ethyl acetate. The solids were isolated by filtration and dried in a vacuum oven for 30 minutes furnishing N-phenoxyacetyl-gemcitabine (6.54g) as a white solid. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): 1 1.15 (1 H, s), 8.29 (1 H, d), 7.31 (2H, t), 7.20 (1 H, d), 7.06-6.88 (3H, m), 6.32 (1 H, d), 6.19 (1 H, t), 5.36-5.25 (1 H, m), 4.85 (2H, s), 4.28-4.12 (1 H, m), 3.97-3.87 (1 H, m), 3.81 (1 H, d), 3.74-3.60 (1 H, m) |