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Porous dendritic BiSn electrocatalysts for hydrogenation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural
Piao, Guangxia ; Yoon, Sun Hee ; Cha, Hyun Gil , et al. J. Mater. Chem. A,2022,10,24006-24017. DOI: 10.1039/D2TA05969J
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Abstract: The electrocatalytic hydrogenation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan (BHMF) is an alternative to conventional heterogeneous catalysis with H2 at high temperatures and pressures. Although Ag is the most representative electrocatalyst, it works only under limited conditions. This study synthesizes highly porous dendritic Bi, Sn, and BiSn electrocatalysts using an in situ generated hydrogen bubble template. Density functional theory computations on the adsorption energy and elementary hydrogenation reaction steps of HMF predict the superiority of Bi to Sn and the intermediate behavior of BiSn between Bi and Sn. The dendritic BiSn catalyst generates a current density of ~144 mA cm?2 at a faradaic efficiency (FE) of ~100% for BHMF production at pH ~ 7 (corresponding to the BHMF production rate of ~2.7 mmol h?1 cm?2) in prolonged electrolysis. Considering the material cost (
Purchased from AmBeed: 13529-17-4 ; 823-82-5 ; 3238-40-2 ; 67-47-0 ; 6338-41-6 ; 1883-75-6
CAS No. : | 823-82-5 | MDL No. : | MFCD00671517 |
Formula : | C6H4O3 | Boiling Point : | - |
Linear Structure Formula : | C4OH2(C(O)H)2 | InChI Key : | PXJJKVNIMAZHCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
M.W : | 124.09 | Pubchem ID : | 69980 |
Synonyms : |
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Chemical Name : | Furan-2,5-dicarbaldehyde |
Signal Word: | Warning | Class: | N/A |
Precautionary Statements: | P261-P305+P351+P338 | UN#: | N/A |
Hazard Statements: | H315-H319-H335 | Packing Group: | N/A |
GHS Pictogram: |
* All experimental methods are cited from the reference, please refer to the original source for details. We do not guarantee the accuracy of the content in the reference.
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
9%; 60%; 7% | With iron(II) phthalocyanine; In aq. phosphate buffer; at 37 - 80℃; for 16.0833h;pH 7; | HMF (100 mM) was added to KPi buffer (500 mM pH 7.0). GOase M35 (103p1 of3.3mg/mL), PaoABC (ipI of 28.9mg/mL) and a metal complex (see Table 4) were added at 37 00 and the pH was continuously adjusted with NaHCO3 for a period of 16 hours. The reaction was heated to 80 00 for 5 minutes and left to cool. The solution containing denatured protein was centrifuged and the supernatant removed and analysed by RP20 HPLC. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With oxygen; In water; at 90℃; under 6000.6 Torr; for 24h;Autoclave;Catalytic behavior; | General procedure: As a general procedure, the oxidation of HMF was performed under a vigorous stirring in a stainless steel autoclave in the presence of molecular O2 (8 bars), 1 mmole of substrate (HMF), 10 mLsolvent, 0.05 g of catalyst and a temperature of 90C for 24 h. All the changes of reaction parameters: temperature, pressure, solvent, amount of the catalysts or reaction time were notified inthe text. After ending the HMF oxidation and filtering off the catalyst, the mother liquor was diluted 5 times and the products were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), ona Thermo Scientific Accela 600 device equipped with a UV-vis detector and a Rezex-ROA H+column. 5-Hydroxymethyl furfural(HMF), diformyl furan (DFF), 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxylicacid (HMFCA), 5-formyl-2-furancarboxylic acid (FFCA) and 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) from Sigma-Aldrich were used as standards. The maximum of absorption for FDCA and HMFCA corresponded to = 260 nm while for HMF, FFCA and DFF to = 285 nm. The mobile phase consisted of 0.05 N H2SO4, at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min, and the analysis was carried out at 40C, using a two channels detection (260 nm and 285 nm) and an injection volume of 3 L. A carbon mass balance of 98-99% was obtained for all the performed reactions. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With dihydrogen peroxide; In water; at 25℃; under 760.051 Torr; for 24h;Green chemistry; | The catalytic activity performance of the metal Salen complexessupported on SBA-15 (Co/SBA-15, Fe/SBA-15 and Cu Salen/SBA-15) inthe oxidation of HMF were evaluated. The HMF oxidation reaction wascarried out in an aqueous system at neutral pH (the pH was not adjusted)using H2O2 as oxidant agent. The reaction was performed undermild conditions (aqueous media, neutral pH, atmospheric temperatureand pressure). The system consisted of a 125 mL round-bottom flaskwith a refrigerant column to avoid the HMF volatilization. All testswere performed with an initial substrate HMF 0.4 mM [8], 50 mL reactionvolume, H2O2 30 w/Vpercent (100 muL) as oxidant agent and using0.05 g of catalyst. Aliquots of 500 muL were taken during 24 h, fromwhich 75 muL were injected in the chromatograph for their analysis. Thesamples were taken in short periods of time at the early minutes of thereaction, and in a longer period as the reaction advanced in order tohave enough information for the kinetic study. The reaction mixturewas stirred at a constant 500 rpm. Tests were done at low temperatures25, 30 and 40 °C to know how the temperature affects the reaction.Although the catalyst can be used at higher moderate temperatures,40 °C level was selected as the maximum temperature to avoid H2O2degradation. Temperature levels were recorded with thermocouplespreviously connected to a temperature monitoring program using theLabview System Design Software. |
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