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Hydrazinated geraniol derivatives as potential broad-spectrum antiprotozoal agents
Jooste, Joelien ; Legoabe, Lesetja J ; Ilbeigi, Kayhan , et al. Arch. Pharm.,2024,e2400430. DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202400430 PubMed ID: 38982314
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Abstract: Geraniol, a primary component of several essential oils, has been associated with broad-spectrum antiprotozoal activities, although moderate to weak. This study primarily concentrated on the synthesis of hydrazinated geraniol derivatives aspotential antiprotozoal agents. The synthesised compounds were tested in vitro against different parasitic protozoans of clinical relevance, including Trypanosoma brucei brucei, Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania infantum. Compounds 6, 8, 13, 14 and 15 demonstrated low micromolar activity against the different parasites. Compounds 8, 13, 14 and 15 had the highest efficacy against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, as indicated by their respective IC50 values of 0.74, 0.56, 1.26 and 1.00 μM. Compounds 6, 14 and 15 displayed the best activity against Trypanosoma brucei brucei, with IC50 values of 1.49, 1.48 and 1.85 μM, respectively. The activity of compounds 6, 14 and 15 also extended to intracellular Trypanosoma cruzi, with IC50 values of 5.14, 6.30 and 4.90 μM, respectively. Compound 6, with an IC50 value of 11.73 μM, and compound 14, with an IC50 value of 8.14 μM, demonstrated some modest antileishmanial activity.
Keywords: geraniol ; Leishmania infantum ; Trypanosoma brucei brucei ; Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense ; Trypanosoma cruzi
Purchased from AmBeed: 587-04-2 ; 1122-91-4 ; 552-89-6 ; 456-48-4 ; 6287-38-3
CAS No. : | 456-48-4 | MDL No. : | MFCD00003348 |
Formula : | C7H5FO | Boiling Point : | - |
Linear Structure Formula : | (COH)C6H4F | InChI Key : | PIKNVEVCWAAOMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
M.W : | 124.11 | Pubchem ID : | 68009 |
Synonyms : |
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Signal Word: | Danger | Class: | 3 |
Precautionary Statements: | P261-P305+P351+P338 | UN#: | 1989 |
Hazard Statements: | H225-H315-H319-H335 | Packing Group: | Ⅲ |
GHS Pictogram: |
* All experimental methods are cited from the reference, please refer to the original source for details. We do not guarantee the accuracy of the content in the reference.
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
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With PTS; In toluene; | Step 1 : 2-Propyl-1,3-propanediol (138.0 g; 1.17 mol) and 3-fluorobenzaldehyde (138.0 g; 1.11 mol) were dissolved in toluene (1.5 liters), and PTS (7 g) was added. The mixture was refluxed for 3 hours while being dehydrated with a Dean-Stark's device. The resultant reaction mixture was washed sequentially with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and saturated brine, and then dried over magnesium sulfate. Subsequently, the solvent was evaporated. The residue was recrystallized twice from heptane, to thereby obtain 81.2 g (362 mmol) of 5-propyl-2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dioxane. The yield of the compound from 3-fluorobenzaldehyde was 32.6%. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
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Example 214 4-Methoxy-3-(3-fluoro-benzylamino)-N-phenyl-benzamide The title compound has been made using the procedure of Example 50, but using 3-amino-4-methoxy-N-phenyl benzamide and 3-fluorobenzaldehyde as starting materials, which are commercially available from Aldrich; m.p. 137-140 C. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
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With N-benzyl-N,N,N-triethylammonium chloride; sodium hydroxide; In dichloromethane; water;Inert atmosphere; | General procedure: The SBOs were prepared by the base-catalysed condensation of the appropriate 5-halogeno-2-methylbenzoxazole with the requisite aromatic aldehyde under phase transfer conditions. In a typical experiment, equimolar quantities (5 mmol) of the starting materials were dissolved in dichloromethane (20-50 ml) in the presence of benzyltriethylammonium chloride (3 mmol) and stirred magnetically under a nitrogen atmosphere as an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (50%, w/v, 5 ml) was added dropwise over a period of 10 min. After being stirred for 2-36 h until analytical thin layer chromatography indicated that the reaction was complete, the mixture was diluted with water (50 ml) and the SBO was extracted with dichloromethane (3×20 ml), dried (MgSO4), filtered, evaporated under reduced pressure and recrystallized from aqueous methanol or ethanol. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
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71% | With sodium hydrogensulfite; In N,N-dimethyl acetamide; at 150℃; | General procedure: Sodium hydrogen sulfite (4 mmol) was added to a solution of anthranilamide 1 (2 mmol) and benzaldehyde 2 (2 mmol) in N,N- dimethylacetamide (5 mL). The mixture was heated under continuous stirring at 150 o C for 2-3 h and poured into ice water. The precipitate was then filtered, washed with water followed byethanol, and dried to yield the 2-arylquinazolinones 3-31.#10;#10; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
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97% | With chitosan; In neat (no solvent); at 75℃; for 0.0833333h;Microwave irradiation; Green chemistry; | General procedure: An equimolar mixture of <strong>[54396-44-0]2-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)aniline</strong> (0.351 g, 0.002 mol), corresponding aldehyde (0.002 mol), dimethyl phosphite (0.18 ml, 0.002 mol) and chitosan catalyst (10 molpercent) were taken in a reaction glass tube, degassed for 10 min and microwave irradiated at 180 W for 2 min at 60 °C. The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC using petroleum ether and ethyl acetate (3:7) as solvent. After completion of the reaction, the mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with water (2 x 15 ml) followed by brine (1 x 10 ml), dried over Na2SO4 and evaporated to dryness. The crude mass was purified by column chromatography on silicagel (100-200 mesh) by using a 7:3 mixture of ethyl acetate in hexane to afford the pure alpha-aminophosphonates. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
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39% | General procedure: Trans-2-phenylcyclopropylamine hydrochloride (1.0 eq.), acetic acid (1.0eq.) and the appropriate aldehyde (0.9 eq.) were dissolved in around bottom flask in 10 mL dry DCE. The reaction mixture was stirred gently at room temperature for 2 h before sodium triacetoxyborohydride (3.0 eq.) was added in small portions to the reaction vessel. The reaction was monitored by TLC and quenched using 10 mL of an aqueous (5%) NaHCO3 solution. The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer extracted three times with10 mL of DCE. All organic layers were combined, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, concentrated in vacuo and purified using flash chromatography (silica gel; cyclohexane/ethyl acetate) to give the desired compound. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
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62% | To a solution of lithium diisopropylamide (16.5 ml_, 33 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (20 ml_) at 0 C was added ferf-butyl 5-bromothiazol-2-ylcarbamate (2.8 g, 10.0 mmol) slowly under argon. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0 C for 30 minutes before a solution of 3-fluorobenzaldehyde (4.1 g, 33.0 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (1 0 ml_) was added. The reaction solution was warmed to room temperature and stirred for 20 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with water (30 ml_) and extracted with ethyl acetate (150 ml_ x 3). The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (silica gel, petroleum ether/ethyl acetate = 4/1 ) to give ferf-butyl 4-bromo-5-((3-fluorophenyl)(hydroxy)methyl)thiazol-2-ylcarbamate as a yellow solid (2.5 g, 6.2 mmol, 62%). LCMS (ESI) m/z: 346.9 [M-56+H]+. |