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Nadira De Abrew, K. ; Natoli, Ted ; Lester, Cathy C. , et al. Toxicol. Sci.,2022,190(2):227-241. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfac099 PubMed ID: 36161505
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Abstract: Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is a synthetic antioxidant widely used in many industrial sectors. BHT is a well-studied compound for which there are many favorable regulatory decisions. However, a recent opinion by the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES) hypothesizes a role for BHT in endocrine disruption ANSES (2021). This opinion is based on observations in mostly rat studies where changes to thyroid physiol. are observed Enzymic induction of Cytochrome P 450-mediated thyroid hormone catabolism has been proposed as a mechanism for these observations, however, a causal relationship has not been proven. Other evidence proposed in the document includes a read across argument to butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), another Community Rolling Action Plan (CoRAP)-listed substance with endocrine disruption concerns. We tested the hypothesis that BHT is an endocrine disruptor by using a Next Generation Risk Assessment (NGRA) method. Four different cell lines: A549, HCC1428, HepG2, and MCF7 were treated with BHT and a series of BHT analogs at 5 different concentrations, RNA was isolated from cell extracts and run on the L1000 gene array platform. A toxicogenomics-based assessment was performed by comparing BHT′s unique genomic signature to a large external database containing signatures of other compounds (including many known endocrine disruptors) to identify if any endocrine disruption-related modes of action (MoAs) are prevalent among BHT and other compounds with similar genomic signatures. In addition, we performed a toxicogenomics-based structure activity relationship (SAR) assessment of BHT and a series of structurally similar analogs to understand if endocrine disruption is a relevant MoA for chems. that are considered suitable analogs to BHT using the P&G read across framework (Wu et al., 2010). Neither BHT nor any of its analogs connected to compounds that had endocrine activity for estrogens, androgens, thyroid, or steroidogenesis.
Keywords: estrogen, androgen, or thyroid hormone receptors, or proteins integral to steroidogenesis (EATS) ; connectivity mapping ; toxicogenomics ; read across ; New Approach Methodologies (NAM) ; Next Generation Risk Assessment (NGRA) ...More
CAS No. : | 4130-42-1 | MDL No. : | MFCD00017366 |
Formula : | C16H26O | Boiling Point : | No data available |
Linear Structure Formula : | C6H2OH(C(CH3)3)2C2H5 | InChI Key : | BVUXDWXKPROUDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
M.W : | 234.38 | Pubchem ID : | 20087 |
Synonyms : |
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Signal Word: | Danger | Class: | 9 |
Precautionary Statements: | P501-P273-P260-P270-P264-P280-P391-P314-P337+P313-P305+P351+P338-P301+P312+P330 | UN#: | 3077 |
Hazard Statements: | H302-H319-H372-H410 | Packing Group: | Ⅲ |
GHS Pictogram: |
* All experimental methods are cited from the reference, please refer to the original source for details. We do not guarantee the accuracy of the content in the reference.
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With molybdenum(VI) oxide; In ethanol; at 280℃; for 4h;Inert atmosphere; | General procedure: 2.0 g of guaiac acid (purchased in Tianjin Guangfu Technology Co., Ltd.), 0.5 g of MOS catalyst and 100 ml of ethanol were placed in a 300 ml reaction vessel, and the air in the reaction vessel was replaced with nitrogen. The temperature was raised to 280 C, and the reaction was stirred for 4 h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was filtered under suction and rotary evaporated. The liquid product was subjected to qualitative analysis on a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC6890-MS5973, Agilent), and the internal standard was added. Quantitative analysis by gas chromatography. The chromatogram was performed on an HP-5ms, 30m X 0.25mm X 0.25mum capillary column. The conversion of the raw guaiacol is calculated by (initial guaiacol moles - residual guaiacol moles) / (initial guaiacol moles) X100%, and the selectivity of the product hydrocarbyl phenol is (hydrocarbyl phenol) The number of moles / (molar guaiacol moles) X 100 % was calculated. Among the guaiacol conversion products, ethyl phenols include o-ethyl phenol, 2,5-diethyl phenol, 3,5-diethyl phenol, and propyl phenols include 2,6-diisopropyl phenol. , 2,4-diisopropylphenol, 2,4,6-triisopropylphenol, butyl phenols including 2,5-di-sec-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, 2, 4-di-tert-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-ethylphenol, pentanols include 2,4-di-tert-amylphenol, others include o-ethoxyphenol, o-ethoxybenzene Methyl ether, p-ethyl guaiacol, 2,6-diisopropylanisole). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With molybdenum(VI) oxide; In ethanol; at 280℃; for 4h;Inert atmosphere; | General procedure: 2.0 g of guaiac acid (purchased in Tianjin Guangfu Technology Co., Ltd.), 0.5 g of MOS catalyst and 100 ml of ethanol were placed in a 300 ml reaction vessel, and the air in the reaction vessel was replaced with nitrogen. The temperature was raised to 280 C, and the reaction was stirred for 4 h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was filtered under suction and rotary evaporated. The liquid product was subjected to qualitative analysis on a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC6890-MS5973, Agilent), and the internal standard was added. Quantitative analysis by gas chromatography. The chromatogram was performed on an HP-5ms, 30m X 0.25mm X 0.25mum capillary column. The conversion of the raw guaiacol is calculated by (initial guaiacol moles - residual guaiacol moles) / (initial guaiacol moles) X100%, and the selectivity of the product hydrocarbyl phenol is (hydrocarbyl phenol) The number of moles / (molar guaiacol moles) X 100 % was calculated. Among the guaiacol conversion products, ethyl phenols include o-ethyl phenol, 2,5-diethyl phenol, 3,5-diethyl phenol, and propyl phenols include 2,6-diisopropyl phenol. , 2,4-diisopropylphenol, 2,4,6-triisopropylphenol, butyl phenols including 2,5-di-sec-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, 2, 4-di-tert-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-ethylphenol, pentanols include 2,4-di-tert-amylphenol, others include o-ethoxyphenol, o-ethoxybenzene Methyl ether, p-ethyl guaiacol, 2,6-diisopropylanisole). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With molybdenum(VI) oxide; In ethanol; at 280℃; for 4h;Inert atmosphere; | General procedure: 2.0 g of guaiac acid (purchased in Tianjin Guangfu Technology Co., Ltd.), 0.5 g of MOS catalyst and 100 ml of ethanol were placed in a 300 ml reaction vessel, and the air in the reaction vessel was replaced with nitrogen. The temperature was raised to 280 C, and the reaction was stirred for 4 h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was filtered under suction and rotary evaporated. The liquid product was subjected to qualitative analysis on a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC6890-MS5973, Agilent), and the internal standard was added. Quantitative analysis by gas chromatography. The chromatogram was performed on an HP-5ms, 30m X 0.25mm X 0.25mum capillary column. The conversion of the raw guaiacol is calculated by (initial guaiacol moles - residual guaiacol moles) / (initial guaiacol moles) X100%, and the selectivity of the product hydrocarbyl phenol is (hydrocarbyl phenol) The number of moles / (molar guaiacol moles) X 100 % was calculated. Among the guaiacol conversion products, ethyl phenols include o-ethyl phenol, 2,5-diethyl phenol, 3,5-diethyl phenol, and propyl phenols include 2,6-diisopropyl phenol. , 2,4-diisopropylphenol, 2,4,6-triisopropylphenol, butyl phenols including 2,5-di-sec-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, 2, 4-di-tert-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-ethylphenol, pentanols include 2,4-di-tert-amylphenol, others include o-ethoxyphenol, o-ethoxybenzene Methyl ether, p-ethyl guaiacol, 2,6-diisopropylanisole). |