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[ CAS No. 40155-43-9 ] {[proInfo.proName]}

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Chemical Structure| 40155-43-9
Chemical Structure| 40155-43-9
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Gregory R. Armel ; James T. Brosnan ; Nilda R. Burgos , et al. DOI:

Abstract: Numerous similarities exist between the structure–activity relationships of pharmaceutical drugs and pesticides, creating the potential for finding new crop management tools with novel mechanisms of action. Analogues of pyrazinamide and its active metabolite pyrazinoic acid were evaluated on a variety of monocot and dicot species to assess their potential as commercial herbicides. Six analogues, applied postemergence at 3 kg ai/ha, controlled yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) ≥ the commercial standards bentazon or imazethapyr. The compound 5-fluoropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid provided between 71 and 95% control of barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) and yellow nutsedge with only modest injury (8–25%) to soybean (Glycine max). A similar compound containing a bromine atom in the 5-position controlled yellow nutsedge greater than bentazon and affected soybean, sweet corn (Zea mays convar. saccharata var. rugosa), and rice (Oryza sativa) in a similar fashion to bentazon as well. The herbicidal sites of action targeted by these analogues of pyrazinamide and pyrazinoic acid are unknown, but it is hypothesized that they may be disrupting targets in the biosynthesis pathways of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and/or ethylene.

Keywords: herbicide ; rice ; pyrazinamide ; pharmaceutical ; prodrug ; soybean ; sweet corn

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Yuan, Gengyang ; Dhaynaut, Maeva ; Lan, Yu , et al. DOI: PubMed ID:

Abstract: Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 (mGluR2) is a therapeutic target for several neuropsychiatric disorders. An mGluR2 function in etiology could be unveiled by positron emission tomography (PET). In this regard, 5-(2-fluoro-4-[11C]methoxyphenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrano[2,3-b]pyridine-7-carboxamide ([11C]13, [11C]mG2N001), a potent negative allosteric modulator (NAM), was developed to support this endeavor. [11C]13 was synthesized via the O-[11C]methylation of phenol 24 with a high molar activity of 212 ± 76 GBq/μmol (n = 5) and excellent radiochemical purity (>99%). PET imaging of [11C]13 in rats demonstrated its superior brain heterogeneity and reduced accumulation with pretreatment of mGluR2 NAMs, VU6001966 (9) and MNI-137 (26), the extent of which revealed a time-dependent drug effect of the blocking agents. In a nonhuman primate, [11C]13 selectively accumulated in mGluR2-rich regions and resulted in high-contrast brain images. Therefore, [11C]13 is a potential candidate for translational PET imaging of the mGluR2 function.

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Hegde, Pooja V. ; Aragaw, Wassihun W. ; Cole, Malcolm S. , et al. DOI: PubMed ID:

Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of infectious disease-related mortality and morbidity. Pyrazinamide (PZA) is a critical component of the first-line TB treatment regimen because of its sterilizing activity against non-replicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), but its mechanism of action has remained enigmatic. PZA is a prodrug converted by pyrazinamidase encoded by pncA within Mtb to the active moiety, pyrazinoic acid (POA) and PZA resistance is caused by loss-of-function mutations to pyrazinamidase. We have recently shown that POA induces targeted protein degradation of the enzyme PanD, a crucial component of the CoA biosynthetic pathway essential in Mtb. Based on the newly identified mechanism of action of POA, along with the crystal structure of PanD bound to POA, we designed several POA analogs using structure for interpretation to improve potency and overcome PZA resistance. We prepared and tested ring and carboxylic acid bioisosteres as well as 3, 5, 6 substitutions on the ring to study the structure activity relationships of the POA scaffold. All the analogs were evaluated for their whole cell antimycobacterial activity, and a few representative mols. were evaluated for their binding affinity, towards PanD, through isothermal titration calorimetry. We report that analogs with ring and carboxylic acid bioisosteres did not significantly enhance the antimicrobial activity, whereas the alkylamino-group substitutions at the 3 and 5 position of POA were found to be up to 5 to 10-fold more potent than POA. Further development and mechanistic anal. of these analogs may lead to a next generation POA analog for treating TB.

Keywords: Tuberculosis ; Pyrazinoic acid ; pyrazinamide

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Product Details of [ 40155-43-9 ]

CAS No. :40155-43-9 MDL No. :MFCD07371664
Formula : C5H5N3O2 Boiling Point : -
Linear Structure Formula :- InChI Key :FMEFOOOBIHQRMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
M.W : 139.11 Pubchem ID :21897334
Synonyms :

Safety of [ 40155-43-9 ]

Signal Word:Warning Class:N/A
Precautionary Statements:P261-P305+P351+P338 UN#:N/A
Hazard Statements:H302-H315-H319-H335 Packing Group:N/A
GHS Pictogram:

Application In Synthesis of [ 40155-43-9 ]

* All experimental methods are cited from the reference, please refer to the original source for details. We do not guarantee the accuracy of the content in the reference.

  • Upstream synthesis route of [ 40155-43-9 ]
  • Downstream synthetic route of [ 40155-43-9 ]

[ 40155-43-9 ] Synthesis Path-Upstream   1~1

  • 1
  • [ 36070-80-1 ]
  • [ 40155-43-9 ]
YieldReaction ConditionsOperation in experiment
70% at 100℃; for 0.5 h; Microwave irradiation The starting 5-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid (317 mg, 2 mmol) was converted to5-aminopyrazine-2-carboxylic acid (1) by substitution reaction with 25percent (m/m) aqueous solutionof ammonia (3 mL). The reaction was carried out 10 mL microwave pressurized vials with stirring(reaction temperature: 100 C, reaction time: 30 min, power output: 80 W). The reaction was repeated20 times to yield reasonable quantity of the starting acid. Once the reaction was completed, the vials content was put onto Petri dish and heated above a water bath with intermittent stirring until a drysolid was obtained (ammonium salt of the product). To get the free acid form, the ammonium salt wasdissolved in water and drop-wise acidified with 10percent hydrochloric acid to reach pH of 4. The mixturewas then left to cool down in room temperature for 5 min then kept in the fridge for 15 min. The formedfree acid crystals were filtered off by filtration paper with suction and left to dry overnight. After itwas dried, the resulting 5-aminopyrazine-2-carboxylic acid (1) was esterified in several microwavepressurized vials; 3 mL of anhydrous propanol and 2 drops of concentrated sulfuric acid were added to278 mg (2 mmol) of compound 1 in each vial. The esterification was carried out in microwave reactor(reaction temperature: 100 C, reaction time: 1 h, power output: 80 W). The completion of reaction wasmonitored by TLC in system hexane/ethyl acetate (EtOAc) (1:3). The ester was then purified by flashchromatography using gradient elution 40 to 100percent EtOAc in hexane.
Reference： [1] Molecules, 2017, vol. 22, # 10,
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