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Keyes, Robert F. ; McAllister, Donna ; Dwinell, Michael B. , et al. STAR protoc.,2023,4(3):102437. DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102437 PubMed ID: 37552599
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Abstract: Triphenylphosphonium (TPP+) compounds like mito-metformin (MMe) target cancer cells by exploiting their hyperpolarized mitochondrial membrane potential. Here, we present a protocol for synthesizing TPP+ analogs with selectivity for mammalian cancer cells, reduced toxicity, and quantifiability using fluorine-19 NMR (19F-NMR). We describe steps for treating mammalian cells with mitochondria-targeted compounds, treating and preparing mouse tissue with these compounds, and 19F-NMR detection of MMe analogs in cells and tissue. TPP+-conjugated metformin analogs include para-methoxy (pMeO-MMe) and para-trifluoromethyl MMe (pCF3-MMe) and meta-trifluoromethyl MMe (mCF3-MMe).
Purchased from AmBeed: 13406-29-6 ; 401-78-5 ; 855-38-9 ; 2114-02-5
CAS No. : | 401-78-5 | MDL No. : | MFCD00000380 |
Formula : | C7H4BrF3 | Boiling Point : | - |
Linear Structure Formula : | C6H4(CF3)Br | InChI Key : | NNMBNYHMJRJUBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
M.W : | 225.01 | Pubchem ID : | 9817 |
Synonyms : |
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Signal Word: | Danger | Class: | 3 |
Precautionary Statements: | P261-P305+P351+P338 | UN#: | 1993 |
Hazard Statements: | H225-H315-H319-H335 | Packing Group: | Ⅲ |
GHS Pictogram: |
* All experimental methods are cited from the reference, please refer to the original source for details. We do not guarantee the accuracy of the content in the reference.
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
86% | 1-bromo-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzene (5.00 g, 22 mmol) was placed in a 250 ml reaction flask, followed by injecting and evacuating nitrogen gas three times. Next, dehydrated tetrahydrofuran (THF, 100 ml) was added into the reaction flask, followed by slowly adding 9.8 ml n-butyllithium in hexane solution (2.5M, 24 mmol) at -78 C. and stirring at the same temperature for 30 minutes. Thereafter, 2-isopropoxy-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (5.0 ml, 24 mmol) was added into the reaction flask to obtain a mixture, and the temperature of the mixture was raised to room temperature, followed by stirring at room temperature for 12 hours. Next, water was added to terminate the reaction followed by removing THF using a rotary evaporator. Then, dichloromethane and water were added into the mixture for extraction. The dichloromethane layer was collected and added with magnesium sulfate to remove water therein. After water was removed, the dichloromethane layer was filtrated and the filtrate was collected. Next, the dichloromethane layer was concentrated by means of reduced pressure distillation to obtain a colorless oily liquid (5.21 g, 19 mmol, 86% yield). The spectrum analysis for the colorless oily liquid is: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3, 298K), delta(ppm): 8.04 (s, 1H), 7.95 (d, JHH=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.68 (d, JHH=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.46 (t, JHH=7.6 Hz, 1H), 1.34 (s, 12H). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With (1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene)palladium(II) dichloride; potassium acetate; In 1,4-dioxane; at 110℃; for 0.166667h;Microwave irradiation; | General procedure: To 2 mL of 1,4-dioxane in microwave reaction vessel were added bromobenzene (0.20 g, 1.27 mmol), bis(pinacolato)diboron (0.36 g, 1.40 mmol), potassium acetate (0.38 g, 3.8 mmol), and PdCl2(dppf) (0.028 g, 0.038 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated to 110 C by microwave irradiation at power 100 W for 10 min. After solvent was removed under reduced pressure, the residue was purified by dry column vacuum chromatography (DCVC) using dichloromethane (DCM) as eluent provided the 0.16 g in 62 % yield; |
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