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Synthesis and Evaluation of Bislawsone Derivatives as Possible Electrolytes for Redox Flow Batteries
Jennifer Doan Tran ; Harvard University,2024.
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Abstract: As climate change continues to be a global issue due to its negative environmental impact, various countries have made great efforts to integrate more renewable energy into the power-grid. Using renewable energy can lower dependency on fossil fuels but, there are issues that limit switching from consuming fossil fuels to renewable energy. In the case of solar or wind technology, the energy harnessed is not consistent throughout the day. By pairing renewable energy with redox flow batteries (RFBs), this can address the issue of inconsistent energy. Through RFBs, excess energy generated by renewable energy can be stored by electrochemical bonds. The focus of this research is to synthesize a water-soluble bislawsone to use as a redox active material for RFBs using 7-bromo-3,4-dihydro-2H-naphthalen-1-one. 2,2’-bis(3-hydroxy-7-methoxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride-1,4-naphthoquinone) was made but was not purified. The crude product was used in cyclic voltammetry (CV) testing. As a baseline, 5 mM of 7,7’-dibromo-2,2’-bis(3-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone) was added to 1M KOH and the CV was measured. The potential was measured at -0.637 V. The electrolytic solution consisted of 5 mM of redox active material with 1M KCl in water adjusted to pH 7. There was no measurement. The second electrolytic solution consisted of 5 mM of redox active material with 1M KCl in 1M KOH. The potential was measured at -0.628 V. Solubility decreased by adding supporting salts and at pH 7. This suggests that adding a water-soluble group on bislawsone influences solubility and solubility affects voltage potential.
Purchased from AmBeed: 32281-97-3
CAS No. : | 32281-97-3 | MDL No. : | MFCD02179287 |
Formula : | C10H9BrO | Boiling Point : | - |
Linear Structure Formula : | - | InChI Key : | YGVDCGFUUUJCDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
M.W : | 225.08 | Pubchem ID : | 252731 |
Synonyms : |
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Chemical Name : | 7-Bromo-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one |
Signal Word: | Warning | Class: | N/A |
Precautionary Statements: | P273 | UN#: | N/A |
Hazard Statements: | H302-H412 | Packing Group: | N/A |
GHS Pictogram: |
* All experimental methods are cited from the reference, please refer to the original source for details. We do not guarantee the accuracy of the content in the reference.
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
56% | Step D: A solution of tetrabutylammonium tribromide (11.8 g, 24.4 mmol) in dichloromethane (80 ml) was added dropwise to a solution of the product from Step C (5.0 g, 22.2 mmol) in dichloromethane (20 ml) and methanol (20 ml) at room temperature over 1 hour. At completion of the addition, the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 15 hours and was then concentrated. The residue was taken into dichloromethane and was washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate three times. The organic layer was concentrated and the residue was dissolved in dimethylformamide (100 ml). Lithium carbonate (5.3 g, 71.1 mmol) and lithium bromide (4.1 g, 46.6 mmol) were added and the resulting mixture was stirred at 140° C. for 1.5 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the solids were filtered and rinsed with ethyl acetate. The filtrate was washed with water four times and dried over sodium sulfate to give 7-bromonaphthalen-1-ol (2.7 g, 56percent): 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) delta 8.41 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.68 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 7.57 (dd, J=8.7, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.41 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.28-7.35 (m, 1H), 6.62 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 5.80 (br s, 1H). |
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