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Synthesis of N-Sulfenylimines from Disulfides and Primary Methanamines
Robert Kaw?cki ; JOC,2022,87(11):7514-7520. DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00415 PubMed ID: 35587955
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Abstract: N-Sulfenylimines (sulfenimines, thiooximes, N-alkylidenesulfenamides) were efficiently synthesized through the reaction of primary amines and disulfides with NBS or bromine. This reaction can be carried out in an open flask at room temperature without the need for any transition-metal-containing additives. The use of thiols instead of disulfides gave similar results. A wide range of amines were reacted with aryl and alkyldisulfides, resulting in the formation of sulfenimines in a yield of 44–99%.
Purchased from AmBeed: 3300-51-4 ; 104-86-9 ; 623-33-6 ; 3959-07-7 ; 27757-85-3 ; 100-32-3 ; 629-19-6 ; 91-00-9 ; 5335-87-5 ; 3731-51-9 ; 6850-57-3 ; 128-08-5 ; 103-19-5 ; 2393-23-9
CAS No. : | 27757-85-3 | MDL No. : | MFCD00005460 |
Formula : | C5H7NS | Boiling Point : | No data available |
Linear Structure Formula : | H2NCH2C4H3S | InChI Key : | FKKJJPMGAWGYPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
M.W : | 113.18 | Pubchem ID : | 34005 |
Synonyms : |
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Signal Word: | Danger | Class: | 8 |
Precautionary Statements: | P264-P271-P280-P301+P330+P331-P304+P340-P305+P351+P338-P310-P363-P370+P378-P403+P233-P501 | UN#: | 2735 |
Hazard Statements: | H227-H314 | Packing Group: | Ⅲ |
GHS Pictogram: |
* All experimental methods are cited from the reference, please refer to the original source for details. We do not guarantee the accuracy of the content in the reference.
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
92% | With N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine; In isopropyl alcohol; at 80℃; for 16.0h; | To a solution of 3-bromo-7-chloropyrazolo[1 ,5-a]pyrimidine (9.63 g, 41.5 mmol) and diisopropylethylamine (10.9 ml_, 62.3 mmol) in 2-propanol (42 ml_) was added 2- EPO <DP n="47"/>(aminomethyl)thiophene (5.6 g, 49.8 mmol): After heating for 16 h at 80 0C, the reaction mixture was concentrated and the residue partitioned between dichloromethane and water. After separation, the organic phase was washed with 10% citric acid and brine, dried and concentrated to yield the desired 3-bromo-7-(2- thiophenemethylamino)pyrazolo[1 ,5-a]pyrimidine (11.49 g, 92%) as a brown solid. HPLC 99%; 1H NMR (250 MHz, CDCI3) delta 8.88 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 1H), 8.25 (s, 1H), 8.18 (d, J = 5.3 Hz, 1 H), 7.38 (dd, J = 1.3, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 7.13 (dd, J = 1.3, 3.4 Hz, 1H), 6.95 (dd, J = 3.4, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 6.29 (d, J = 5.3 Hz, 1H), 4.80 (d, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H); 13C NMR (62.9 MHz, CDCI3) delta 150.5, 146.7, 145.5, 143.1, 140.8, 126.8, 126.2, 125.4, 86.5, 81.0, 40.0; MS (APCI) 311/309 [M+H]+. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
A library of compounds in which R4 was various groups having the formula [CONHR ?] was prepared by the process described above using 4-fluoro-3-nitrobenzoic acid, as follows: [72] Aldehyde resin was mixed with a primary amine (R17-NH2) in [DICHLOROETHANE] (DCE), triethylorthoformate (TEOF), and DMF (containing [1%] acetic acid) in a 1: 1: 1 ratio. After shaken overnight, sodium triacetoxyborohydride (20 eq. ) dissolved in DMF was added (Abdel-Magid, A. F. , et al., Tetrahedron Lett, 3 1: 5595-5598 (1990) ). After the mixture was shaken at room temperature overnight, the resin was filtered and washed with DMF (3 x 5 mL), [MEOH] [(3 X 5] mL), DMF [(3 X 5] mL), [MEOH] [(3 X 5] mL), and [CH2CL2] [(3 X 5] mL). The resin was washed twice with 5 mL DMF containing [1%] Hunig's base. To the filtered resin was added a mixture of 4-fluoro-3-nitrobenzoic acid (FNBA, 10 eq. ) and diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC, 5 eq. ) in 2: 1 DMF : DCM. After shaking at room temperature overnight, the resin was filtered and washed with DMF (3 x 5 mL) and [CH2C12] (3 x 5 mL). [73] The resin was shaken with a primary amine [(R2-NH2)] in DMF for 8 hrs, filtered, and washed with DMF (6 x 5 mL), [MEOH] [(3 X 5] mL), and CH2C12 (3 x 5 mL). The aryl nitro group was reduced by the addition of tin (II) chloride dihydrate (20 eq. , >2 M) and N-methyl morpholine (NMM, 20 eq. ) in N-methyl pyrrolidinone (NMP). After shaken at room temperature overnight, the resin was filtered and washed with NMP (3 x 5 mL), [MEOH] (3 x 5 mL), and [CH2CI2 (3 X 5] mL). The resulting resin was shaken at room temperature with cyanogen bromide (5 eq. ) overnight, filtered, and washed with CH2Cl2 (3 x 5 mL), [MEOH] (3 x 5 mL), and CH2CI2 (3 x 5 mL). To produce a free amine, the resin was shaken for 30 min. in CHCl2 with the addition of sodium methoxide in methanol, filtered, and washed with CH2Cl2 [(4 X 5] mL). [[74]] In the final diversification step, the resin was heated at 500 C in DMF with a mono- substituted epoxide [[RLCH (-CH2O-)].] After shaking for 2 to 4 days the resin was filtered and washed with DMF (5 x 5 mL), [MEOH] [(3 X 5] mL), and CH2Cl2 (3 x 5 mL). T he resin-bound benzimidazole was cleaved from the solid-support by treatment with TFA: [CH2C12] (2: 3) for 1 hour at room temperature. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine; bromo-tris(1-pyrrolidinyl)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate; In N,N-dimethyl-formamide; at 20.0℃; for 0.5h; | A mixture of <strong>[383132-31-8]5-bromo-7-chloroindole-2-carboxylic acid</strong> (1.02 g, 3.71 mmol), 2- thiophenemethylamine (418.5 muL, 4.08 mmol), N, N-di-isopropylethylamine (1.94 mL, 11.12 mmol), and PyBroP (1.90 g, 4.08 mmol) was stirred in DMF (15 mL) at room temperature for 30 min. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc (150 mL) and washed successively with 2N HCl (2 x 50 mL), saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (50 mL), and brine (50 mL). The organic phase was dried (MgSO4), and filtered through a small pad of silica gel. Concentration of the solvent gave 5-bromo-7-chloro-lH-indole-2-carboxylic acid (thiophen-2-ylmethyl)-amide (1.50 g) as a white solid which was used for the next step without further purification. 1H NMR (d6-DMSO, 300 MHz) delta 4.67 (d, 2H, J - 5.9 Hz), 6.97 (dd, IH, J = 3.5, 5 Hz), 7.06 (dd, IH, J = 1.2, 3.5 Hz), 7.19 (s, IH), 7.41 (dd, IH, J = 1.2, 5 Hz), 7.46 (d, IH, J = 1.5 Hz), 7.86 (d, IH, J = 1.5 Hz), 9.21 (t, IH, J = 5.9 Hz), 1 1.98 (s, IH); MS (ESI) m/z = 368.9, 370.9 (MH+). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
48% | 795 mg (5.0 mmol) of 2,6-difluoro-nicotinic acid were dissolved in thionyl chloride (15 ml) and the solution was heated for 2 h at 80 C. Concentration in vacuo was then carried out and the residue was taken up in dioxane (15 ml). 566 mg (5.0 mmol) of thiophen-2-yl-methanamine were then added and the mixture was stirred for 1 h at RT. Concentration in vacuo was then carried out and the residue was taken up in EA, washed with water, a sat. aq. Na2CO3 sol., water again and brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. CC (hexane/EA 7:3) of the residue yielded 605 mg (2.4 mmol, 48%) of 2,6-difluoro-N-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)nicotinamide. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
In methanol; at 20℃; for 3h; | General procedure: 2-(2-Aminomethyl)thiophene (5 mmol) dissolved in 5 mL of methanol was added dropwise to methanolic solution of 2-imidazole carbaldehyde (5 mmol). The mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature for 3 h, followed by dropwise addition of sodium borohydride (10 mmol) in 10 mL of sodium hydroxide solution. The resulting solution was stirred for 3 h and concentrated under reduced pressure; the residue was then extracted with three 10 mL portions of chloroform. The combined extract was dried over anhydrous MgSO4 and filtered, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to yield an oily product (L1). Yield: 0.466 g (62percent) |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
78% | In isopropyl alcohol; at 80℃; for 1h;Inert atmosphere; | General procedure: Compound 1 (1.00 g, 4.01 mmol) was mixed with the benzylamine (2-3 eq.) and i-PrOH (2-10 mL) and agitated at 80 C for 1-50 h, under nitrogen atmosphere. Then the mixture was cooled to rt, concentrated in vacuo, diluted with water (50 mL) and diethyl ether (100 mL) or EtOAc (100 mL). After phase separation, the water phase was extracted with more diethyl ether (2×50 mL) or EtOAc (2×50 mL). The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aq NaCl solution (25-50 mL), dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude oil was purified by drying under reduced pressure to constant weight, by silica-gel column chromatography or crystallized as specified for each individual compound. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
70% | With montmorillonite K-10; In dichloromethane; for 10h;Sonication; | General procedure: To a round-bottom flask was added montmorilloniteK-10 (0.3 g mmol-1), and 1 (2.0 mmol) in CH2Cl2 wasdispersed on K-10. Then the appropriate amine (3.6 mmol)was added dropwise and the mixture was sonicatedin an ultrasonic bath; the progress of the reaction wasmonitored by TLC and after completion of the reaction(10-12 h), the products were extracted by washing theK-10 with CH2Cl2. The organic phase was dried withNa2SO4, filtered and the solvent was removed in vacuo toyield the crude products. The crude products were purifiedby column chromatography over silica gel using 2-5%EtOH-CH2Cl2 as eluent to give analytically pure products3a-o. The products were characterized by correspondingspectroscopic data (1H and 13C NMR, and HRMS). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
71% | With acetic acid; at 110℃; for 4h; | General procedure: The starting materials 1 and 2 were commercially available (Energy Chemical, Shanghai, China).Compound 2 (3.72 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of compound 1 (3.38 mmol) in glacial aceticacid (10 mL). The reaction mixture was then stirred at 110 C for 4 h. After completion of the reaction,the solvent was evaporated, and the residue was purified on a silica gel column chromatography andeluted with ethyl acetate/petroleum ether (bp 60-90 C) (1:3, v/v) to give compounds 3. |