Abstract: Tire wear particles are generated during driving a vehicle as a result of friction between tires and road surfaces and are released into environment. Knowledge of their environmental occurrence and fate is still limited. In this study, we investigated the presence of 16 tire wear contaminants (TWCs) and their transformation products in the surface waters, tap water and soils in Poland.The developed extraction methods were used with recoveries in the range of 71–100% (except for 2-methylthio-benzothiazole - 51%) for water samples and in the range of 62–97% for soil samples. Ten TWCs were detected in soil samples, with the highest concentration of benzothiazole (BTH)(387 ng/g). Meanwhile, all analytes were detected in water samples, also with the highest concentration of BTH (326 ng/L). N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine-quinone (6PPD-Q), 1,3-diphenylguanidine (DPG) and BTH were detected in all examined surface waters. P-phenylenediamine-quinones(PPD-Qs)were detected in higher concentrations (1.85–297 ng/l) compared to the parent compounds (0.50–58 ng/l) in surface waters. Conversely, for soil samples, PPDs (0.170–116 ng/g) were more prevalent than PPD-Qs (0.167–4.71 ng/g). 6PPD-Q showed high ecological risks at all surface water sites. This is the first report on the TWCs levels in the environment in Poland.
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